Lab 1 Manual Flashcards
___________- means cell body
soma
_______________ a prominent feature of the soma and contains the nucleus
mitochondria
_____________________ chief energy source for the neuron. Adult neurons do not store large amounts of glycogen and thus they are dependent upon upon circulating glucose and oxygen for energy
rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
______________ lipid bilayer as in other cells. Plays a critical role in controlling ion flow into and out of the neuron
plasma membrane
_______________ the axonal and dendritic processes are unique to neurons
the axon
-_______________ the initial segment of the axon that tapers from the cell body
axon hillock
_______________ glial cell wrappings around the axon. Acts as an insulated
myelin sheath
___________ area that exists between the myelin sheaths
nodes of ranvieer
______________ the end of the axon. Acts as the presynaptic component of a synapse. Contains many mitochondria and synaptic vesicles
dendrite bouton
____________________ proximal dendrites from the somber are thicker than axons. Distal dendrites become thicker as they branch
diameter
_______________ thorn like projections that extend from dendritic shaft
dendritic spines
what are the two different morphological atecniques we discussed to view fixed neurons
Golgi stain
nissl stain
are Golgi and nil stains dependent on live active neurons
no, they are taken from dead animals
______________ used to determine cytoarchitectural boundaries of groups of neurons with the nervous system. Nissl stains are generally basic stains . They allow you to see the soma and organelles
nissl stain
_______________ a silver nitrate based stain that is sued to show two different types of neurons- long neurons and short neurons. this stain allows you to see dendrites and axon boutons
Golgi stain
three purposes of Golgi stain
- comparitive studies= to compare normal tissue to pathological tissue
- classification studies- to classify the morphological characteristics of different classes of neurons
- development studies to characterize the effects of early development or aging
____________ ascending or toward the surface typically the main or largest dendrite
apical dendrite
__________ smaller dendrites that can point in any direction
basal dendrite
_____________ what fissure seperates the two sides oof the brain
longitudinal fissure
___________ what fissure separates the temporal and parietal lobe
lateral fissure
What are characteristic difference between the dendrites of the pyramidal vs non pyramidal neuron?
- pyramidal= triangular soma, two basal dendrites, 1 apical dendrites
- nonpyramidal= round soma, undetermined basal dendrites, no apical dendrites
discuss the dendritic arborization of each neuron
- pyramid neurons have dendritic spines
- nonpyramid neurons are smooth
_____________ is injected into regions of the CNS or in the muscle. The tracer is taken up by terminals in the region of the injection site and is then transported back to the cell body via axon transport mechanisms. This procedure tells you what neurons project to the area of your injection site.
retrograde transport
_______________ an injection of an anterograde tracer is made into regions of the CNS. The tracer is taken up by cell bodies and transported down the axon by transport mechanisms. The tracer is accumalted in the terminals. This method tells you which regions of the CNS receive projections from cells included in your injection cite. Yje key point is the terminals are labeled
anterograde transport
The brain is contained in the ______________
cranial cavity
The spinal cord is contained in the _____________
vertebral column
the __________ is a series of individual verrabrea connected with discs between them. It extends for for axial support for the trunk and extends from the skill to the pelvis
vertebral column
What is the coronal plane of brain
frontal view
what is the saagital plane of brain
left and right view
what is the horizontal or transverse view
top and bottom
____________ lobe responsible for motor function speed h production and high cognitive function
frontal lobe
__________ somatic sensory function, wemicke’s area, speech comprehension
parietal lobe
_____________ vision
occipital lobe
______________ auditory areas, memory, odor detection, rest of wermicks area
temporal lobee
__________ groves on cortical surface
sulcus/sulci
________________ deepest grooves or inward folds of brain
fissure and fissures
——————– ridges on the cortical surface
gyrus/gyri
what brainstem structure attaches to the middle peduncle
ponds
Name a part of the cerebral cortex that is directly superior to the cerebellum
occipital lobe
_______________the prominent gyrus on the surface of the posterior frontal lobe of the brain site of primary motor complex
precentral gyrus
____________________ the grove in the lateral parietal lobe, location of primary somatosensory cortex
postcentral gyrus
_________ forms the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes
central sulcus
________________ the grove separates the precuneous of parietal from the cuneous of occipital lobe
Pareto occipital sulcus
_____________ deep fissure in each hemisphere that operates the frontal and parietal from the temporal lobe
lateral fissure
_________ deep grove that separates the two hemispheres
longital fissure
_________ a structure in the midbrain for visional focus
superior colliculi
_____________ a structure in the midbrain for smell
inferior colliculi
__________ the largest part of the brainstem located above the medulla and bellow the midbrain
pons
_________ the longest part of the brain stem that is below the pons
medulla
______________ middling e of cerebellum
vermis or midline
___________________ lay on either side of the cerebellum
cerebellar hemisphere
What is an astrocyte and what does it do
a glia cell that supports the CNS, the central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord, continues to the glial scar r
What is the primitive streak
a germ layer that begins to form a grove to start gastrulation
__________ form myelin in PNS
Schwann cells
_________ acts as phagocytes in the central nervous system
microglia
________ line the ventricular system
ependymal cells
_______________ form myelin in the CNS
oligodendroglia
what portion of the neuron serves as the receiving zone
dendrites
What neuroanaaatomical technique would you use to demonstrate that a group of small neurons in the spinal cord use GABA neurotransmission
immunochemistry is used to determined the specific neurotransmitter in cells by analyzing the presence of a rate limiting synthesizing enzyme
Golgi stain does what
- dtermines morphological traits of neurons
- can describe difference between normal and pathological neurons
The caalacaarine sulcus is related to which functional area of the cerebral cortex
primary visual- it is located in the occipital love which is primarily used for vision
