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Physci 107 > Lab 1 Manual > Flashcards

Lab 1 Manual Flashcards

1
Q

___________- means cell body

A

soma

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2
Q

_______________ a prominent feature of the soma and contains the nucleus

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

_____________________ chief energy source for the neuron. Adult neurons do not store large amounts of glycogen and thus they are dependent upon upon circulating glucose and oxygen for energy

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi

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4
Q

______________ lipid bilayer as in other cells. Plays a critical role in controlling ion flow into and out of the neuron

A

plasma membrane

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5
Q

_______________ the axonal and dendritic processes are unique to neurons

A

the axon

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6
Q

-_______________ the initial segment of the axon that tapers from the cell body

A

axon hillock

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7
Q

_______________ glial cell wrappings around the axon. Acts as an insulated

A

myelin sheath

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8
Q

___________ area that exists between the myelin sheaths

A

nodes of ranvieer

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9
Q

______________ the end of the axon. Acts as the presynaptic component of a synapse. Contains many mitochondria and synaptic vesicles

A

dendrite bouton

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10
Q

____________________ proximal dendrites from the somber are thicker than axons. Distal dendrites become thicker as they branch

A

diameter

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11
Q

_______________ thorn like projections that extend from dendritic shaft

A

dendritic spines

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12
Q

what are the two different morphological atecniques we discussed to view fixed neurons

A

Golgi stain

nissl stain

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13
Q

are Golgi and nil stains dependent on live active neurons

A

no, they are taken from dead animals

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14
Q

______________ used to determine cytoarchitectural boundaries of groups of neurons with the nervous system. Nissl stains are generally basic stains . They allow you to see the soma and organelles

A

nissl stain

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15
Q

_______________ a silver nitrate based stain that is sued to show two different types of neurons- long neurons and short neurons. this stain allows you to see dendrites and axon boutons

A

Golgi stain

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16
Q

three purposes of Golgi stain

A
  • comparitive studies= to compare normal tissue to pathological tissue
  • classification studies- to classify the morphological characteristics of different classes of neurons
  • development studies to characterize the effects of early development or aging
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17
Q

____________ ascending or toward the surface typically the main or largest dendrite

A

apical dendrite

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18
Q

__________ smaller dendrites that can point in any direction

A

basal dendrite

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19
Q

_____________ what fissure seperates the two sides oof the brain

A

longitudinal fissure

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20
Q

___________ what fissure separates the temporal and parietal lobe

A

lateral fissure

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21
Q

What are characteristic difference between the dendrites of the pyramidal vs non pyramidal neuron?

A
  • pyramidal= triangular soma, two basal dendrites, 1 apical dendrites
  • nonpyramidal= round soma, undetermined basal dendrites, no apical dendrites
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22
Q

discuss the dendritic arborization of each neuron

A
  • pyramid neurons have dendritic spines

- nonpyramid neurons are smooth

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23
Q

_____________ is injected into regions of the CNS or in the muscle. The tracer is taken up by terminals in the region of the injection site and is then transported back to the cell body via axon transport mechanisms. This procedure tells you what neurons project to the area of your injection site.

A

retrograde transport

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24
Q

_______________ an injection of an anterograde tracer is made into regions of the CNS. The tracer is taken up by cell bodies and transported down the axon by transport mechanisms. The tracer is accumalted in the terminals. This method tells you which regions of the CNS receive projections from cells included in your injection cite. Yje key point is the terminals are labeled

A

anterograde transport

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25
Q

The brain is contained in the ______________

A

cranial cavity

26
Q

The spinal cord is contained in the _____________

A

vertebral column

27
Q

the __________ is a series of individual verrabrea connected with discs between them. It extends for for axial support for the trunk and extends from the skill to the pelvis

A

vertebral column

28
Q

What is the coronal plane of brain

A

frontal view

29
Q

what is the saagital plane of brain

A

left and right view

30
Q

what is the horizontal or transverse view

A

top and bottom

31
Q

____________ lobe responsible for motor function speed h production and high cognitive function

A

frontal lobe

32
Q

__________ somatic sensory function, wemicke’s area, speech comprehension

A

parietal lobe

33
Q

_____________ vision

A

occipital lobe

34
Q

______________ auditory areas, memory, odor detection, rest of wermicks area

A

temporal lobee

35
Q

__________ groves on cortical surface

A

sulcus/sulci

36
Q

________________ deepest grooves or inward folds of brain

A

fissure and fissures

37
Q

——————– ridges on the cortical surface

A

gyrus/gyri

38
Q

what brainstem structure attaches to the middle peduncle

A

ponds

39
Q

Name a part of the cerebral cortex that is directly superior to the cerebellum

A

occipital lobe

40
Q

_______________the prominent gyrus on the surface of the posterior frontal lobe of the brain site of primary motor complex

A

precentral gyrus

41
Q

____________________ the grove in the lateral parietal lobe, location of primary somatosensory cortex

A

postcentral gyrus

42
Q

_________ forms the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

43
Q

________________ the grove separates the precuneous of parietal from the cuneous of occipital lobe

A

Pareto occipital sulcus

44
Q

_____________ deep fissure in each hemisphere that operates the frontal and parietal from the temporal lobe

A

lateral fissure

45
Q

_________ deep grove that separates the two hemispheres

A

longital fissure

46
Q

_________ a structure in the midbrain for visional focus

A

superior colliculi

47
Q

_____________ a structure in the midbrain for smell

A

inferior colliculi

48
Q

__________ the largest part of the brainstem located above the medulla and bellow the midbrain

A

pons

49
Q

_________ the longest part of the brain stem that is below the pons

A

medulla

50
Q

______________ middling e of cerebellum

A

vermis or midline

51
Q

___________________ lay on either side of the cerebellum

A

cerebellar hemisphere

52
Q

What is an astrocyte and what does it do

A

a glia cell that supports the CNS, the central nervous system (CNS) brain and spinal cord, continues to the glial scar r

53
Q

What is the primitive streak

A

a germ layer that begins to form a grove to start gastrulation

54
Q

__________ form myelin in PNS

A

Schwann cells

55
Q

_________ acts as phagocytes in the central nervous system

A

microglia

56
Q

________ line the ventricular system

A

ependymal cells

57
Q

_______________ form myelin in the CNS

A

oligodendroglia

58
Q

what portion of the neuron serves as the receiving zone

A

dendrites

59
Q

What neuroanaaatomical technique would you use to demonstrate that a group of small neurons in the spinal cord use GABA neurotransmission

A

immunochemistry is used to determined the specific neurotransmitter in cells by analyzing the presence of a rate limiting synthesizing enzyme

60
Q

Golgi stain does what

A
  • dtermines morphological traits of neurons

- can describe difference between normal and pathological neurons

61
Q

The caalacaarine sulcus is related to which functional area of the cerebral cortex

A

primary visual- it is located in the occipital love which is primarily used for vision

Physci 107 (22 decks)

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