Lecture 7 Flashcards
What are the three branches of the cranial nerves
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular
__________________ is a terminal branch of the trigeminal nerve (along with the maxillary and mandibular nerves). It provides sensory innervation to the skin, mucous membranes and sinuses of the upper face and scalp.
The ophthalmic nerve (CNV1)
________________ carries sensory information from the lower eyelid and cheek, the nares and upper lip, the upper teeth and gums, the nasal mucosa, the palate and roof of the pharynx, the maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, and parts of the meninges
The maxillary nerve
_______________ is a terminal branch of the trigeminal nerve (along with the maxillary and ophthalmic nerves). It has a sensory role in the head, and is associated with parasympathetic fibres of other cranial nerves.
mandibular nerve
__________ supply sensory innervation of the face and tongu. Cell bodies found in trigeminal ganglion
somatic sensory neurons
What is the function of somatic motor neurons in the trinomial nerve
chew/ move mouth
What are the 3 functions of the trigeminal nerve
- facial expression
- visceral motor
- Innervates taste buds
What is the function of the somatic motor neurons in the facial nerve 7
innervate muscles and fascial expression
In facial nerve 7, ________________ is made of 2 parasympathetic ganglia related to CN 7 and is marked by asterisks. Postgaglionic neurons innervate salivary glands, lacrimal glands, and glands on the nose
visceral motor neurons
______________________ sensory information from the taste buds on anterior surfaces of the tongue. CN7
special sensory neurons
_____________ in CN 9 this nerve innervates 1 muscle of the pharynx
somatic motor neurons
Where is the pharynx
posterior to the nasal and oral cavity
____________ in CN9 there is 1 parasympathetic ganglion, the otic ganglion, related to CN 9, post ganglionic neurons innervated salivary glands
visceral motor neurons
________________ conduct taste and general sensation from posterior tongue and oral cavity
special and general sensory neurons
what are the 3 special functions of the glossopharngia, nerve
- initiates swallowing
- Initiates salva production
- supples taste buds
_________________________ CN 10 innervate muscles of larynx and pharynx and are involved in swallowing
somatic motor neurons
___________________- CN 10 preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in dorsal nucleus of the vagus, provide parasympathetic innervation of body. Post ganglionic neurons in or near targets
visceral motor neurons
_____________________ CN10 sensory afferents form thoracic and abdominal viscera, including carotid body also component of CN 9
visceral sensory neurons
What are the 3 special functions of the vagus nerve
- the wander: it integrates the heart, lungs, and other viscera
- sensory afferent of other organs
What in olfactory receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium detect odors
cilia detect odors
_________________ unusual neurons that die throughout life and are continually generated from stem cells in the olfactory epithelium
olfactory receptor cells
olfactory receptor cells project axons through the skull into olfactory bulb where they synapse with _________________ Axons of ____________________________ project in olfactory tract to olfactory cortex
mitral cells.
What is the optical nerve #
CN 2
_________________ is continuous with the dura mater
outer external fibrous layer
_____________ is the tough, thickest layer of connective tissue
sclera
____________________ this, avascular tissue that lets light in
cornea
__________________ coresponds with arachnoid and Pia mater. The vascular layer is composed of thee choroid cilliary body and the iris.
middle vascular layer
__________ covers the smooth muscle
iris
the size of the pupil is controlled by the __________________
autonomic nervous system
______________________ is innervated by parasympathetic nerve
circular smooth muscle constricts the pupil
_______________ innervated by sympathetic nerve
radial smooth muscle
________________ photoreceptors along the inner layer of the retina
inner sensory layer
light absorbing pigment ________________ is contained in the ___________________
rhodopsin
rod photorecepters
A change in membrane potential of the photoreceptors is the signal transmitted to retinal ganglion cells
retinal ganglion cells
axons of retinal ganglion cells project out of the eye forming the _____________
optic nerve
axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the ________________________
lateral vehicular nucleus
________________ is the thalamic sensory relay for the visual system
lateral geniculate nucleus
lateral geniculate neurons project axons to
the primary visual system
nasal and temporal halves of retina project to form the ________________
visual cortex
axons form nasal retinal ganglion cells cross in the ______________
optic chasm
axons from the temporal retinal ganglion cells project
ipsilaterally
______________ located in the back off the eye. It is the second cranial nerve
optic nerve
________________ the area that cross the information crosses on the backside of the brain
pituitary tumor near the optic chasm
outer and middle ear divide into
tympanic membrane
middle ear its an air filled space contained 3 small bones
incus, malleus, stapes
________________ links middle ear with pharynx- site of ear infections (Otis media)
auditory tube
middle and inner ears separated by
oval window
semicircular ducts in the _________________
semicircular canals
cochlear ducts in
cochlea
primary sensory neurons conveys signals from _______________ via __________________
receptors in the brainstem
via cholera division
most axons of _________________ neurons cross at this level of the medulla dn project rostrally to the ________________ wire they synapse
cochlear nuclei
inferior colliculi
Neurons in both inferior colliculi project axons to the _____________________ medial geenicular nucleus contralateral to where the original signal was received
medical vehicular nucleus
neurons in the medial geniculate project axons to the _____________________
primary auditory cortex
________________________ in the brainstem are important to the ability of the auditory system to localize sound
Bilateral projection
_________________ anterograde, will transport to the primary auditory cortex
biotinlated dextran
______________________ retrograde transport, moves toward the location at which the sound was detected.
horse radish peroxidase
