Lecture 8 Flashcards
The heart is a closed loop system made of
2 receiving chambers and two pumping chambers
______________ take blood away from the heart
arteries
______________ take blood to the heart
veins
right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange in ____________
pulmonary circuit
left side of heart pumps blood to body for oxygen and nutrient supply in _______________
systemic circulation
heart and root of great vessels in __________________
mediastinum
_______________ the most superfisical Layer of the pericardium. Acts to protect the heart by anchoring sit to the surrounding walls
function of the fibrous paracardium
what are the two layers of the serious paracardium
parietal layers- parietal pericardium
visceral
visceral layer- visceral pericardium
________________ helps lubricate my heart
serous pericardium
What are the three layers of the heart wall
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
____________ most anterior of the four heart chambers. It received deoxygenated blood
right ventricle
________________ thickest of heart chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood all over the body
left ventricle
________________ a wall separating the ventricles the lower chambers of the heart
interventricular septum
___-_____________________ arranged networks of cardia muscles called bundles, they squeeze blood through the heart
circular and spiral cardiac muscles
________________ surrounds the valves, considered the level of the atrioventricular septum
connective tissue within the heart
- enters R atrium from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, or coronary sinus
- enters r ventricle by passing through the tricuspid valve (R antroventricular)
- right ventricle propels blood past the pulmonary similar valve into the pulmonary trunk and then to the L and R pulmonary arteries
- resturns from lungs in pulmonary veins entering into the L atrium
- enter L ventricle through mitral or bicuspid valve
- left ventricle propels blood past aortic semilunar valve into ascending aorta
- animation of blood flow through the human heart
blood flow through heart
what are the three aantriventricular valves
- tricuspid
- aortic
- mitral
what is the function of the antriventricular valves
ventricular relaxation and contraction, prevents blood from flowing back to the atria
what are the two semilunar valves
- pulminary valve
- aortic vale
________ branch from the aorta, identify arteries
coronary arteries (left and right coronary arteries)
_____________________ branches into left anterior descending or anterior inter ventricular and circumflex arteries
left coronary arteries
_——————— branches into marginal and posterior inter ventricular arteries.
right coronary artery
_________ drain into coronary sinus
cardiac veins
coronary sinus occupies ______________
atrioventricular sulcus
_________ an inadequate blood supply to a specific organ specifically an area of the heart
ischemia
__———— corm the conducting system of the heart
special cardiac cells
cardiac muscle has —————–
gap junctions
_______________—— specialized cardiac muscle that have intrinsic ability to contract rhythmically.
pacemaker cells
neurons in hypothalamus control _——————–
sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
What are some pacemaker cells we talked about
SA node, AV node, bundle of his, right and left bundle branches, purkinje fibers
neurons in the hypothalamus control _______________________
sympathetic and parasympathetic
visceral sensory afferents fibers detect
heart rate
visceral motor efferents fibbers innervate
SA and AV nodes
___________________ increase heart rate and force the heart to beat . Activated during fight or flight. innervates both SA and AV nodes
sympathetic nervous system
__________________ in thoracic spinal cord
preganglionic neurons
_____________ in middle and inferior cervial ganglions
postganglionic neurons
in the embryo, gas exchange occurs across the _________________ The embryonic pulmonary system does not oxygenate blood
capillaries in the placenta.
embryonic mixing of blood between right and left atria through the ________________
foramen ovale
embryonic mixing of blood between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta through the ___________________
ductus arterosis
as the pulmonary system begins to function at birth both the _______________ and ______________ close down
foramen ovale and ductus arterosis
_______________ closes to become the fossa ovals
foramen ovale
______________ closes to become the ligamentum arteriosum
ductus arterosis
