Lecture 8

Question 1

The heart is a closed loop system made of

Answer 1

2 receiving chambers and two pumping chambers

Question 2

______________ take blood away from the heart

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

______________ take blood to the heart

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange in ____________

Answer 4

pulmonary circuit

Question 5

left side of heart pumps blood to body for oxygen and nutrient supply in _______________

Answer 5

systemic circulation

Question 6

heart and root of great vessels in __________________

Answer 6

mediastinum

Question 7

_______________ the most superfisical Layer of the pericardium. Acts to protect the heart by anchoring sit to the surrounding walls

Answer 7

function of the fibrous paracardium

Question 8

what are the two layers of the serious paracardium

Answer 8

parietal layers- parietal pericardium
visceral
visceral layer- visceral pericardium

Question 9

________________ helps lubricate my heart

Answer 9

serous pericardium

Question 10

What are the three layers of the heart wall

Answer 10

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 11

____________ most anterior of the four heart chambers. It received deoxygenated blood

Answer 11

right ventricle

Question 12

________________ thickest of heart chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood all over the body

Answer 12

left ventricle

Question 13

________________ a wall separating the ventricles the lower chambers of the heart

Answer 13

interventricular septum

Question 14

___-_____________________ arranged networks of cardia muscles called bundles, they squeeze blood through the heart

Answer 14

circular and spiral cardiac muscles

Question 15

________________ surrounds the valves, considered the level of the atrioventricular septum

Answer 15

connective tissue within the heart

Question 16

• enters R atrium from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, or coronary sinus
• enters r ventricle by passing through the tricuspid valve (R antroventricular)
• right ventricle propels blood past the pulmonary similar valve into the pulmonary trunk and then to the L and R pulmonary arteries
• resturns from lungs in pulmonary veins entering into the L atrium
• enter L ventricle through mitral or bicuspid valve
• left ventricle propels blood past aortic semilunar valve into ascending aorta
• animation of blood flow through the human heart

Answer 16

blood flow through heart

Question 17

what are the three aantriventricular valves

Answer 17

• tricuspid
• aortic
• mitral

Question 18

what is the function of the antriventricular valves

Answer 18

ventricular relaxation and contraction, prevents blood from flowing back to the atria

Question 19

what are the two semilunar valves

Answer 19

• pulminary valve

- aortic vale

Question 20

________ branch from the aorta, identify arteries

Answer 20

coronary arteries (left and right coronary arteries)

Question 21

_____________________ branches into left anterior descending or anterior inter ventricular and circumflex arteries

Answer 21

left coronary arteries

Question 22

_——————— branches into marginal and posterior inter ventricular arteries.

Answer 22

right coronary artery

Question 23

_________ drain into coronary sinus

Answer 23

cardiac veins

Question 24

coronary sinus occupies ______________

Answer 24

atrioventricular sulcus

Question 25

_________ an inadequate blood supply to a specific organ specifically an area of the heart

Answer 25

ischemia

Question 26

__———— corm the conducting system of the heart

Answer 26

special cardiac cells

Question 27

cardiac muscle has —————–

Answer 27

gap junctions

Question 28

_______________—— specialized cardiac muscle that have intrinsic ability to contract rhythmically.

Answer 28

pacemaker cells

Question 29

neurons in hypothalamus control _——————–

Answer 29

sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

Question 30

What are some pacemaker cells we talked about

Answer 30

SA node, AV node, bundle of his, right and left bundle branches, purkinje fibers

Question 31

neurons in the hypothalamus control _______________________

Answer 31

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 32

visceral sensory afferents fibers detect

Answer 32

heart rate

Question 33

visceral motor efferents fibbers innervate

Answer 33

SA and AV nodes

Question 34

___________________ increase heart rate and force the heart to beat . Activated during fight or flight. innervates both SA and AV nodes

Answer 34

sympathetic nervous system

Question 35

__________________ in thoracic spinal cord

Answer 35

preganglionic neurons

Question 36

_____________ in middle and inferior cervial ganglions

Answer 36

postganglionic neurons

Question 37

in the embryo, gas exchange occurs across the _________________ The embryonic pulmonary system does not oxygenate blood

Answer 37

capillaries in the placenta.

Question 38

embryonic mixing of blood between right and left atria through the ________________

Answer 38

foramen ovale

Question 39

embryonic mixing of blood between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta through the ___________________

Answer 39

ductus arterosis

Question 40

as the pulmonary system begins to function at birth both the _______________ and ______________ close down

Answer 40

foramen ovale and ductus arterosis

Question 41

_______________ closes to become the fossa ovals

Answer 41

foramen ovale

Question 42

______________ closes to become the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 42

ductus arterosis