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Physci 107 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

_____________ is the most abundant and diverse tissue in the body

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

What is connective tissue derived from

A

embryonic mesenchyme

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3
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue

A
  • binds cells into organs
  • suppors/ stabilizes/ protects
  • links bones to muscles
  • transmits muscle forces
  • transport of nutrients
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4
Q

What are the three classes of connective tissue

A
  • proper
  • fluid
  • supporting
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5
Q

What are the three components of connective tissue

A
  1. Specialized cells
  2. protein fibers
  3. ground substance
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6
Q

______________ lay down extra cellular matrix. Immune cells

A

specialized cells

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7
Q

What are the three types of protein fibers

A
  • collagen fibers
  • elastin fibers
  • reticular fibers
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8
Q

What is the ground substance

A

fill excess space

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9
Q

What is the purpose of collagen

A

strength and retention

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10
Q

What is the purpose of elastin

A

strength and recoil

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11
Q

What is the purpose of reticular fibers

A

support net

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12
Q

What are the three types of loose connect tissues

A
  • areolar tissue
  • adipose tissue
  • reticular tissue
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13
Q

What is areolar tissue characterized

A

interstitial fluid (ground substance)

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14
Q

What is adipose tissue

A

fat tissue used for energy located under the skin and around organs

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15
Q

________________ fat cells

A

adipose

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16
Q

What is reticular tissue characterized

A
  • reticular fibers

- located in organs

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17
Q

What are the four kinds of dense connective tissue

A
  • irregular
  • regular
  • elastic
  • cartilage
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18
Q

Where is irregular connect tissue

A

joint capsules, dermis

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19
Q

Where is regular connective tissue

A

tendons and ligaments

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20
Q

Where is elastic Connectix tissue

A

arteries and bronchi, some ligaments where recoil is important

** marked by elastic fibers

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21
Q

______________ a connective tissue with chondrocytes

A

cartilage

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22
Q

Cartilage is

A

avascular and anervous

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23
Q

What are cartilage cells

A

chondrocytes in lacunae

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24
Q

______________ characterized by glassy collagen fivers.

A

hyaline cartilage

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25
Q

Where are hyaline cartilage

A

fetal cartilage, ends of long bones, costal cartilage, nose, larynx, trachea

26
Q

Where is elastic cartilage

A

external ear
epiglottis
*characterized by elastic fibers

27
Q

Where is the fibrocartilage

A

in joints and places of high impact

-Interverteabral discs, pubic symphysis, knee discs

28
Q

What is fibrocartilage characterized by

A

thick collagen fibers

29
Q

What are the functions of bone

A
  • support/movement/ protection
  • mineral storage
  • blood formation/ fat storage
30
Q

What is the name of a bone structure

A

lamellar structure (layered)

31
Q

What are the two kinds of bone

A
  • compact

- spongy bone

32
Q

Name of the compact bone

A

cortical bone

33
Q

Name of spongy bone

A

cancellous bone (trabeculae)

34
Q

What are the 2 bone coverings/ membranes

A
  • periosteum- exterior

- endosteum- interior

35
Q

___________ is the growth unit of the bone

A

osteon

36
Q

What is the structure of the osteon

A

Lamellae

-Contain collagen fibers

37
Q

_____________ old bone that has Beene grown over or remodeled

A

interstitial lamellae

38
Q

________ covering for osteocytes, holds in lamellae

A

lacunae

39
Q

_____________ center of the lamellae for nerves and blood vessels

A

Haversian (central canal)

40
Q

______________ is the connection between the lacunae and the central canal

A

canaliculi

41
Q

___________ mature bone cells, that maintain bone matrix. Live in lacunae

A

osteocytes

42
Q

____________ immature bone cells that secrete organic component of matrix to build up bone. lives under periosteum

A

osteoblast

43
Q

____________ multinucleate cell that secretes acid to dissolve matrix of bone. Lives under enostium

A

osteoclast

44
Q

What are the 2 types of bone development

A
  • endochondral

- Intrameembranous

45
Q

_____________
limbs, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, base of skull (chondrocranium – parts of occipitals, temporals, sphenoid, and all ethmoid, ossicles, conchae, lacrimals, zygomatics)

A

ENDOCHONDRAL developement

46
Q

___________________
skull (frontal, parietals, nasals, maxillae, vomer, palatines, mandible, portions of sphenoid, temporals, occipital) & clavicle

A

INTRAMEMBRANOUS (dermal)

47
Q

What are the steps of endochondrial ossification

A
  1. osteoblast form a bony collar
  2. central calcification: deterioration of cartilage in shaft. Remaining cartilage replace by bone
  3. Primary ossification center formed: vessels permeate bone tissue, primary ossification formed
  4. secondary ossification formed in epithesis
48
Q

____________ growth of both cartilage and bone

A

growth at epiphyseal plate

  • cartilage continues to grow on epiphyseal side
  • osteoblast replace cartilage with bone on diaphysial side
49
Q

____________ growth in girth

A

apposition

50
Q

What is the function of bone remodeling

A
  • maintains calcium and potassium

- Wolfs law: response to stress

51
Q

_____________ increase blood calcium by breaking down bond

A

parathyroid hormone

52
Q

____________________ thyroid brings blood CA down by building bon e

A

calcitonin

53
Q

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin form a

A

feedback loop

54
Q

What are the forces acting on the bone

A
  • compression
  • tension
  • shear
  • bending (combination of compression and extension)
55
Q

What are the two types of material that make up composite extracellular matrix

A
  • organic: collagen

- Inorganic: hydroxypatite

56
Q

What is collagen characterized by

A

strong in tension

57
Q

What is the inorganic hydroxyapatite characterized

A

ground substance, strong compression

58
Q

What are the 3 bone structures involved for adequate strength

A
  • hollowness of bones
  • cross sectional geometry
  • arrangement of trabeculae
59
Q

_____________ zero force in the middle of the bone reduces the majority of bone stress from blending is on the outside of the bone

A

hollowness of the bone

60
Q

__________off round shape resists forces in a particular direction

A

cross sectional geometry

61
Q

______________________ direct force to a strong area of the bone

A

arrangement of trabeculae

Physci 107 (22 decks)

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