Lecture 4

Question 1

____________ the tight junctions

Answer 1

the blood brain barrier

Question 2

Spaces between endothelial cells have __________ in the brain. Least permeable capillaries in the body. Molecules are selectively transported to the brain

Answer 2

tight junctions

Question 3

______________ end feet have water channels and control water balance in the brain

Answer 3

astrocytic

Question 4

____________ ascents through the skull and breaks into cerebral cortex

Answer 4

internal carotid artery

Question 5

___________ supplies frontal context on lateral cortex and mid sagittal cortex

Answer 5

anterior cerebral artery

Question 6

________________ large and supplies blood to the majority of the lateral surface of brain ex- frontal, parietal lobe

Answer 6

middle cerebral artery

Question 7

______________ arteries that comnform to the basilar arteries

Answer 7

vertebral/basilary arteries

Question 8

______________ supplies oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe part of the lower brain

Answer 8

posterior cerebral artery

Question 9

__________________ is composed of middler cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery

Answer 9

internal carotid artery

Question 10

Strokes need immediate emergency care to lesson the long term disability, such as __________

Answer 10

hemiplegia

Question 11

_______________ tissue plasminogen activator

Answer 11

clot blusters

Question 12

_______________ consists of caudate, putamen, globes pallidus. The caudate and putamen together are called stratum or corpus striatum and contain the same types of neurons

Answer 12

Basal ganglia

Question 13

Basal ganglia function to integrate _______________ information and to initiate voluntary movement. It all processes information about __________________

Answer 13

motor and sensory

cognition and emotions

Question 14

afferent axon that projects from all parts of cerebral cortex

Answer 14

cortiocostriate

Question 15

afferent axon that projects from the thalamus

Answer 15

thalamostraite

Question 16

afferent axon that projects from substantial nigra

Answer 16

nigrostraite

Question 17

____________ is a degenerative disease of the basal ganglia that produces movement disorders. Involves a loss of cell bodies in substantia nigra that project axons to the caudate putamen and use dopamine for neurotransmission. Treatment for Parkinson’s patients is to give them L-dopa which crosses the blood brain barrier and is converted to dopamine by dopa

Answer 17

Parkinsons disease

Question 18

______________________ neurons in motor and somatospendory areas of the cerebral cortex project to putamen, neurons in putamen project globes pallid us, internal, neurons in GPi project to ventral lateral thalamus, neurons in VL thalamus project back to motor areas of the cortex to facilitate cortical output

Answer 18

basal ganglia thought to modify motor commands by this circuit

Question 19

___________________is a rare autosomal dominates genetic disease causing degeneration of GABAergic neurons in the caudate-putamen and produces severe motor disorders. Currently there are no treatments but researchers have located a gene so effective genetic screen and counseling is available

Answer 19

huningtons disease

Question 20

____________ found in the base of the brain and project axons widely to the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

Answer 20

cholinergic basal

Question 21

_________________ play a critical role in learning and memory and in the sleep wake cycle

Answer 21

basal forebrain neurons

Question 22

_____________________ is a common progressive disease that involves extensive neuronal degeneration of basal forebrain neurons and neurons in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus

Answer 22

alzheimers disease

Question 23

Early symptoms are memory loss of recent events and becoming disoriented. Later severe dementia becomes more obvious __________________ are found in brains of those afflicted with Alzheimers disease

Answer 23

amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles

Question 24

__________ a sensory relay nucleus

Answer 24

thalamus

Question 25

the thalamus is a _____________________ being transmitted to the cerebral cortex

Answer 25

relay for sensory information

Question 26

_____________ transmits somatosensory information form the body to the thalamus. Thalamic neurons will then convey the signal to the appropriate area of the cerebral cortex. Somatosensory cortex. WE will draw the spinothalamic tract in the next lecture

Answer 26

spinothalamic tract

Question 27

____________ is an important relay station for all sensory input, except olfaction

Answer 27

thalamus

Question 28

Ventral posterior lateral ____________________

Answer 28

somatosensory relay

Question 29

lateral geniculate _________________

Answer 29

visual relay

Question 30

Medial geniculate ______________

Answer 30

audity relay

Question 31

thalamus receives motor information for relay to ________________

Answer 31

cerebral cortex

Question 32

Ventral lateral nucleus functions as part of the basal ganglia circuit:
ventral lateral nucleus: ______________

Answer 32

motor relay

Question 33

3 important facts about hypothalamus

Answer 33

1. contains a large number of nuclei
2. pituitary gland contact to inferior surface of hypothalamus
3. Hypothalamus controls many aspects of homeostasis

Question 34

the hypothalamus controls the ____________________, one part of the hypothalamus will cause a decrease in heart rate whereas another region will increase heart rate

Answer 34

autonomic nervous system

Question 35

Hypothalamus secretes ______________________________ that controls the pituitary gland. Releasing factors enter a capillary plexus in the hypothalamus and travel directly to the anterior pituitary via portal vein

Answer 35

hormones Or releasing factors

Question 36

_____________ slander tissue that releases hormones into the blood stream in resopnse to hypothalamic releasing factors

Answer 36

anterior pituitary

Question 37

________________ neural tissue. Neurons in hypothalamus project axons into the posterior pituitary and release their hormone/ peptides (oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone/ vasopressin) in the blood stream of the posterior pituitary

Answer 37

posterior pituitary