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Microbiology > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pathogens that produce disease both inside and outside the GIT

A

E.coli and Salmonella

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2
Q

Pathogens that cause disease only inside GIT

A

Shigella,Vibrio, Campyobacter, H pylori

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3
Q

Pathogens present in GIT but cause disease only outside

A

Kebsiella group, Pseudomonas, Bacteroids

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4
Q

G- rods belong to what family?

A

enterobacteriacea- primarily in colon of humans and animals as normal flora

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5
Q

Do gram - rods rely on oxygen?

A

all are facultative anaerobes except pseudomonas which is an obligate aerobe

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6
Q

What do Gram - rods have on their cell wall?

A

Endotoxin

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7
Q

What does E.coli cause?

A

Urinary trac infections, travelers diarrhea and neonatal sepsis

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8
Q

Where is E.coli normal flora found?

A

in colon and feces

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9
Q

How do Gram - move?

A

move with single flagellum and plenty of pili

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10
Q

Pathogenicity of E.coli

A

adheres to mucous membranes of jejunum and ilium by pili causes intestinal, systemic and urinary infections- some strains cause watery diarrhea and some cause bloody diarrhea

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11
Q

What is the most frequent nasocomial infection?

A

UTI- due to indwelling catheters

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12
Q

What other type of infection can E.coli cause from UTI?

A

infection of bladder known as cystitis- pyelonephritis can occur if infection goes further up

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13
Q

Symptoms of bladder infections

A

frequent urination along with feeling of need to urinate, nocturne, pain in pubic area, hematuria

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14
Q

Symptoms of Urethritis

A

discomfort, irritation or pain at urethral meatus or burning sensation on urination, pyuria, pyrexia, cloudy and foul urine

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15
Q

Symptoms of kidney infection

A

symptoms from urethritis as well as emesis, back/side pain, abdominal pain, high spiking fever, night sweats and fatigue

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16
Q

What E.coli looks like on a lab diagnosis when serious infection

A

pink colony- ferments lactose

urine examination shows pus cells

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17
Q

What is travelers diarrhea due to?

A

drinking water that has been contaminated by sewage

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18
Q

What is neonatal sepsis due to?

A

presence of E.coli in vagina of pregnant women

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19
Q

Treatment for GIT infection

A

no treatment, self-limiting, supplemental fluid may be necessary

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20
Q

Treatment for UTI infection

A

Oral trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole/cephalosprin and amino glycoside

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21
Q

presence of what organism in drinking water is indicative of sewage contamination?

A

coliform organism

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22
Q

What can be done to remove coliform organisms from water?

A

chlorination of water

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23
Q

gram - rod that causes typhoid fever

A

Salmonella– only through ingestion

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24
Q

How does salmonella move?

A

has a ton of flagellum

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25
Q

typhoidal species

A

S.Typhi and S.Paratyphi are fever producing

26
Q

non typhoidal species

A

diarrhea producing- Salm. Typhi murium is most common cause of diarrhea in US

27
Q

Mode of transmission of salmonella

A

ingestion of food and water contaminated with human or animal waste

28
Q

Is there an animal source of transmission for S. Typhi?

A

No- only human

29
Q

So typhoid fever is mainly due to…?

A

water contamination with fecal materials- not animal source

30
Q

Symptoms of typhoid fever

A

severe fever for 3 to 4 weeks, constipation, leukopenia, delirium, tender abdomen, enlarged spleen, rose spots

31
Q

Complications of typhoid fever

A

intestinal hemorrhage/perforation, gall bladder infection can result in chronic carrier state- bacteria passed in feces for long time

32
Q

How do you diagnose salmonella in the lab?

A

organism isolated from stool sample in enterocolitis

+ blood cultures in typhoid- color less colonies on plate- non lactose fermenter

33
Q

Treatment for enterocolitis

A

fluids, electrolytes replacement- no antibiotics

34
Q

Treatment for typhoid

A

ceftrioxone, cipro, ampicillin

35
Q

What is sometimes advised to abolish chronic carrier state of salmonella?

A

Cholecystectomy

36
Q

Prevention of salmonella

A

Public health measures- proper disposal of sewage, chlorination of water, dean hands of those handling food

37
Q

Is there a vaccine for salmonella?

A

yes but not 100% efficacy

38
Q

What does Shigella cause?

A

causes bacillary dysentery- entercolitis

39
Q

Can shigella move?

A

Non-motile: no flagellum — highly virulent!

40
Q

Path of infection from shigella

A

transmission by fecal-oral route by finger, flies, food, feces– no animal reservoir (only humans), water outbreaks, disease exclusively GIT invades mucosa of ilium and colon

41
Q

Where does shigella cause inflammation?

A

exclusively in the GIT- ulcerations- do not penetrate gut wall or enter blood stream

42
Q

Clinical manifestations of shigella

A

fever, abdominal cramps, tenesmus (sensation of needing to pass bowels) resolves in 2-3 days (no antibodies or vaccines)

43
Q

Treatment for shigella

A

fluids and electrolytes in mild cases
in sever cases, cipro and bactrim
NO VACCINATION

44
Q

Prevention of Shigella

A

proper disposal of night soils, chlorination, personal hygiene

45
Q

What does vibrio cholera cause?

A

epidemic diarrhea

46
Q

Transmission of Vibrio Cholera

A

transmitted by fecal contamination of water and food, primarily human source

47
Q

What does Vibrio Cholera secrete?

A

enterotoxin which causes massive watery diarrhea without inflammation

48
Q

Clinical symptoms of Vibrio Cholera

A

large watery diarrhea, no cramps, no fever, no inflammation of gut

49
Q

What does Vibrio Cholera lead to?

A

rapid dehydration an electrolyte imbalance– may cause hypovolemic shock, cardiac and renal failure

50
Q

Is the mortality rate high for untreated Vibrio Cholera?

A

YES- 40%

51
Q

Treatment for Vibrio Cholera

A

fluid and electrolyte replacement, tetracycline

52
Q

Prevention for Vibrio Cholera

A

public health measures and vaccination

53
Q

What does H. pylori cause?

A

gastritis and peptic ulcer

54
Q

natural habitat of H. pylori

A

stomach

55
Q

What does H.pylori produce?

A

an enzyme urease which causes large amounts of ammonia which neutralizes acidity and helps organismal growth and damage of mucosa

56
Q

Symptoms of H.pylori infection

A

recurrent pain in upper abdomen, bleeding in intestinal tract( no bacteremia or dissemination)

57
Q

Lab diagnosis of H. pylori

A

biopsy of gastric muscoa, urease breath test (radio labeled urea is ingested- if present ammonia will be radioactive and radioactive CO2 will be detected)

58
Q

Treatment for H. pylori

A

amoxicillin, metronidazole, pepto-bismol

59
Q

What does campylobacter jejuni cause?

A

enterocolitis in children

60
Q

What is the transmission of campylobacter jejune?

A

fecal-oral transmission from domestic animals (cattle, dogs, chicken)- puppies are the most common source in US

61
Q

Symptoms of campylobacter jejuni

A

watery, foul smelling diarrhea, blood in stools, fever, abdominal cramps

62
Q

Medicine for treatment of campylobacter jejnui

A

erythromycin, cipro, aminogycosides

Microbiology (16 decks)

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