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Microbiology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is proteus found?

A

present in human colon as well as in soil and water- colonize in urethra- community/hospital acquired

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2
Q

Does proteus move?

A

highly motile- produces profuse growth in blood agar plate (swarming effect with expanding rings/waves)

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3
Q

two common species of proteus

A

proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis

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4
Q

What does proteus vulgaris cause because of its high motility?

A

UTI- climbing infections cause pyelonephritis

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5
Q

What enzyme does proteus vulgaris produce?

A

urease which hydrolyzes urea to ammonia increasing pH and causing kidney stones

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6
Q

lab diagnosis of proteus vulgaris

A

culture shows swarming effect putrid odor (fishy and seminal odor)
produces H2S and black colonies in TSI agar

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7
Q

are all species of the urease of proteus vulgaris gram - or +?

A

+

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8
Q

Treatment for proteus vulgaris

A

aminoglycosides and bactrim after antibody sensitivity test

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9
Q

What does pseudomonas cause?

A

UTI and pneumonia in patients with lowered host defense and hospitalized patients- strict aerobe

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10
Q

Where does pseudomonas grow?

A

grows in water, resists disinfection, can grow on antiseptic solutions, anesthesia equipment and IV fluids- common nasocomial infection

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11
Q

lab diagnosis of pseudomonas

A

produces 2 pigments: pyocycanin- blue colored pus shows as blue-green color on agar plate
pyoveridin- yellow pigment which fluoresce under UV light

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12
Q

What do pseudomonas have that facilitates adherence to respiratory mucous membrane?

A

glycocalyx

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13
Q

Where is pseudomonas found?

A

in soil and water and in some people form normal flora of colon

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14
Q

clinical features of pseudomonas

A 
primarily an opportunistic infection
- common forms in burns of pts
UTI and pneumonia in cystic fibrosis pts
malignant otitis externa in pts who swim
infection of cornea in contact lens users
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15
Q

Treatment for pseudomonas

A

resistant to many antibiotics- topical silver nitrate/silverdiazine works

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16
Q

Where is enterobactor found?

A

causes infection during invasive procedure like IV cath, intubation, urinary tract manipulation

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16
Q

What does Bordetella pertusis cause?

A

whooping cough in children- only human through airborne (highly contagious)

17
Q

How pertusis infects

A

organisms attached to ciliated epithelium of URT- do not invade underlying tissue

17
Q

Clinical symptoms of pertusis

A

whooping sough is acute tracheo bronchitis
secretes lots of mucous restricted to respiratory tract
pronounced lymphocytosis

18
Q

Treatment of pertusis

A

erythromycin, mucolytic agents, O2 therapy, suction of mucous, vaccine available

18
Q

Gram - rods related to animal sources

A

brucella, francicella, yersinia

18
Q

What is Francicella tularensis?

A

disease of animals- commonly rabbits and deer in US- vector being ticks, mites and lice

19
Q

Transmission of francicella

A

ticks maintain transmission by transovarian route- pass bacteria to offspring
humans can accidentally be bitten by vector

20
Q

What is the disease that francicella causes?

A

Tularemia

21
Q

What is Tularemia

A

ulcer at the site of the bite with low grade fever- GIT and pulmonary infection less common
life long immunity

22
Q

Treatment for Tularemia

A

streptomycin or vaccine

23
Q

What does yersenia pestis cause?

A

plague

24
Q

How you contract yersenia pestis

A

endemic in rodents of europe and asia- common rodents include mice, rats, squirrels, guinea pigs

25
Q

What does staining of yersenia look like?

A

G- small rods with bipolar staining (safety pin appearance

26
Q

Clinical manifestations of yersenia

A

Bubonic plague: bite site swelling with regional lymph node enlargement and fever, results in septic shock- fatal- BLACK DEATH
Pneumonic plague: by inhalation/septic emboli– fatal

27
Q

Treatment for yersenia

A

SM and TC

28
Q

Prevention of yersenia

A

rat control and 72 hour quarantine

29
Q

What is the most common type of Hemphilus influenza>

A

Type B

30
Q

What does type B H influenza produce?

A

serious invasive and inflammatory disease like meningitis

31
Q

Who does H influenza infect?

A

humans only- no animal reservoir

32
Q

How is H influenza transmitted?

A

airborne droplets infect upper respiratory

33
Q

What age group does H influenza affect?

A

young children- leading cause of meningitis in children

34
Q

Lab diagnosis of H influenza

A

deduct capsular Ag- Quellong test shows capsular swelling

35
Q

Treatment for H influenza

A

ceftrioxone- amoxycillin and clavalunic are alternatives- medication should be started early to prevent neurological complications from meningitis

36
Q

Prevention for H influenza

A

HIB vaccine given to children

Microbiology (16 decks)

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