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Microbiology > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fungi are ______

A

eukaryotes

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2
Q

What does fungal cell wall contain?

A

chitin- not peptidoglycan

also contains beta glucon

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3
Q

What is beta glucon the site for?

A

antifungal drugs

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4
Q

What does fungal cell membrane contain?

A

ergo sterol

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5
Q

4 types of fungi

A

yeast, yeast like, molds, dimorphic

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6
Q

Define yeast

A

unicellular- sperical or oval- reproduce by simple budding

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7
Q

Define yeast like

A

grow partly as yeast or partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae

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8
Q

Define molds (or filaments)

A

grow as elongated filaments septate or non septate

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9
Q

What is a bunch of hyphae known as?

A

mycelium

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10
Q

Define dimorphic

A

can grow as filament or yeast depending on temp

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11
Q

At what temperature will host tissue grow as yeast?

A

37 degrees celcius

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12
Q

At what temperature will yeast grow in soil?

A

22 degrees celcius

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13
Q

Fungi use what type of oxygen?

A

most are obligate aerobe- some are facultative anaerobes (no obligate anaerobes)

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14
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

spore formation

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15
Q

Why do fungal infections cause granuloma formation?

A

due to cell mediated immune response

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16
Q

What are most fungal diseases due to?

A

inhalation of fungal spores- some are skin diseases

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17
Q

What do allergy to fungal spores manifest as?

A

asthma

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18
Q

What is mycotoxicosis?

A

when fungus produces toxins which cause disease when eaten

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19
Q

What may amanita mushrooms cause?

A

liver damage (hepatotoxic)

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20
Q

What does ergotamin cause?

A

uterine contractions and may cause abortion in pregnant women

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21
Q

What can LSD produce>

A

hallucinations and drug addiction

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22
Q

What may spoiled pea nuts contain?

A

mold aspergilus flavus- contain aflatoxin

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23
Q

Good fungus can do what?

A

used in production of foods like bread, cheese, wines and beer

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24
Q

Lab diagnosis for fungal toxins?

A

direct microscopic exam- observe filaments in 10% KOH

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25
Q

What are serological tests

A

CSF polysaccharide Ag may be detected using specific ABs

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26
Q

WHat does caspofungi do?

A

inhibits B glucon cell wall material- useful in candida and aspergloses

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27
Q

What does Amphotericin B do?

A

disrupts ergosterol (in cell membrane)

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28
Q

How do Azole group of drugs act?

A

act by blocking synthesis of ergosterol

29
Q

Drug that inhibits DNA synthesis

A

Flucytosine

30
Q

What are skin infections caused by?

A

moulds- they cause ringworm

31
Q

What is ringworm caused by?

A

a fungus known as Tenia

32
Q

What does T corporis cause?

A

infection on smooth non hairy skin

33
Q

What does T. cruris cause?

A

groin and perineu (jock itch)

34
Q

What does T barbae cause?

A

bearded areas (barber itch)

35
Q

What does T pedis cause?

A

Athletes foot

36
Q

What does T. capitis cause?

A

ringworm of scalp- patchy alopecia

37
Q

What are ringworms diagnosed by?

A

skin scrapings and woods lamp detects fungal filaments fluorescing

38
Q

Treatment for Ringworm?

A

Miconozol/Tolfonate creams and oral Griseofulvin

39
Q

What do systemic fingal infections result from?

A

inhalation of spores of dimorphic fungi

40
Q

What is ringworm?

A

a patch of itching vesicles with central clearing area

41
Q

What do lung spores differentiate into?

A

yeast

42
Q

Clinical manifestations of systemic fungal infections?

A

most are asymptomatic or self limiting- not communicable

43
Q

Define Coccidiodomycosis

A

Soil molds that cause granulomatous lesions in bone and meninges

44
Q

Where is the coccidiodomycosis endemic?

A

in certain areas of south west US and Latin America

45
Q

What may Coccidiodomycosis cause?

A

red nodules on shin of leg with joint pains

46
Q

Treatment for Coccidiodomycosis

A

Amphotericin B/ Itraconazol

47
Q

Define Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Dimorphic fungus that grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings- seen in bat infested caves/chicken houses

48
Q

Who is Histoplasma capsulatum common in?

A

construction workers- earth excavations

49
Q

Transmission of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

inhalation

50
Q

Endemic areas with Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Ohio, Mississippi valley

51
Q

Clinical manifestations of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

most are asymptomatics- can cause pneumonia or erythema nodosum

52
Q

What can Histoplasma cause in AIDS patients?

A

ulcerated lesions in the tongue

53
Q

Treatment for Histoplasma

A

Fluconazol for Meningitis and amohotericin B for lung infections

54
Q

Where is Candida albicans found as normal flora?

A

on the skin and mucous membranes (URT, GIT, female genital tract)

55
Q

What does Candida albicans look like?

A

not dimorphic- oval yeast with single bud in tissues as yeast or pseudohyphae

56
Q

How is Candida albicans transmitted?

A

not transmitted- already present on skin and infects when immune system is doen

57
Q

What can Candida albicans produce?

A

overgrowth of candida in mouth produces thrush, vulvo vaginitis with itching and discharge, finger nail infection, red and weeping skin lesions, right sided endocarditis

58
Q

What can Candida albicans cause in a patient with leukemia?

A

candida oesophagitis

59
Q

What does Cryptococcus neoformans cause?

A

cryptococcus meningitis- most common life threatening infection in AIDS patients

60
Q

What does Cryptococcus neoformans look like?

A

ovel budding yeast surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule- not dimorphic

61
Q

Transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

occurs widely in nature- soil containing pigeon droppings- birds are not infected

62
Q

How does human infection of Cryptococcus neoformans occur?

A

inhalation of organisms (yeasts)

63
Q

Lab diagnosis for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

India ink staining will show unstained capsule against dark background

64
Q

Treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Ampho B and Flucytocin

65
Q

What does Aspergilus furnigatus exist as?

A

only as mold (not dimorphic)

66
Q

Transmission of Aspergilus fumigatus

A

occurs through inhalation of spores- can also invade through abraded skin/corneal wounds/external ear, para nasal sinuses

67
Q

What does Aspergilus fumigatus cause?

A

skin, eye, ear infections and lung infections

68
Q

What does Asperguilas fumigatus cause in lung?

A

Alelrgic broncho pulmonary aspergilosis- asthma

69
Q

Define Aflatoxin

A

a carcinogen and hepatotoxic- produced when Aspergilus flavus grows in cereals and nuts

Microbiology (16 decks)

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