Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is even the smallest bacteria capable of?

A

independent replication, synthesis of energy and proteins, cell enclosed with DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do viruses not have?

A

cell wall, cytoplasm, ribosomes/mitochondria, nucleus, independent replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does nature have RNA carrying genetic information?

A

NO- not found in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Will viruses contain DNA and RNA?

A

Not both at the same time- one or the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DO RNA viruses carry genetic information?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can virues synthetize their own energy or proteins?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can viruses be seen under a microscope?

A

NO- too small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do antibiotics affect viruses?

A

THey are resistant to all antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Geirer and Schraman do?

A

extracted the infectious nucleic acid which produced disease in the host cells confirming it as living chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most viruses are what shape?

A

spherical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define virons

A

extracellular virus particles- vary in size from 20-300nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the biggest virus equal to?

A

the size of the smallest bacteria (micro plasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List shapes of viruses

A

spherical, complex, bullet shaped/brick shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can viral nucleic acids be extracted with?

A

phenol/detergents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What parts make up the viral structure?

A

central nucleic acid, protein coat (capsid), some may have an envelop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of the virus protects the nucleic acid and is the basic structure of a virus?

A

capsid- facilitates absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the envelop of the cell made up of?

A

envelop is a lipid layer derived from host cell during budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are viruses heat labile?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

At what temperature are viruses inactivated within a few seconds?

A

56 degrees celcius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What inactivates viruses?

A

sunlight, UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are viruses resistant to?

A

chemical disinfectants- lysol for example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How doe viruses replicate?

A

disassemble into patricles inside the cell, multiply separately and then assemble- one virion giving rise to hundred of virion particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Process of adsorption of a virus

A

virus adsorbed to host cell- there are specific receptors on host cell for viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Penetration of a virus

A

penetrate into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Uncoating of a virus

A

stripping of virus from capsid by lysozyme of the cell

26
Q

Process of virus attacking

A

absorption, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, maturation, release

27
Q

Process of biosynthesis of virus

A

synthesis of enzymes for stages of viral replication, assembly and release. Followed by synthesis of nucleic acid and capsid protein takes place separately

28
Q

Where does synthesis of nucleic acid take place?

A

nucleus

29
Q

Where does synthesis of viral proteins occur?

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

Where does RNA viruses synthesize nucleic acid and proteins?

A

cytoplasm

31
Q

Process of maturation of virus

A

nucleic acid and viral proteins assembled together and form viral particle

32
Q

Process of release of virus

A

done by cell lysis (non enveloped virus) or budding (enveloped virus)

33
Q

Replication times for human virus

A

15-30 hours

34
Q

Replication time for baceria

A

15-30 minutes

35
Q

define Lysogenic cycle

A

alternate pathway of viruses in which viral genome (DNA) becomes integrated with host cell genome and multiply along with it

36
Q

Name for the integrated viral DNA

A

prophage

37
Q

What is the lysogenic cycle well studied for?

A

lambda bacteriophage

38
Q

transduction

A

transferring of a gene

39
Q

why would a virus infected cell undergo death of cell?

A

inhibition of protein, nucleic acid synthesis

40
Q

list morphological changes of a viral infected cell

A

inclusion bodies, fusion of virus infected cells to form multinucleated giant cells, cytopathic effect, malignant transformation and cellular proliferation, no morphological/functional change

41
Q

define cytopathic effect

A

darkening and rounding which may culminate in lysis/giant cell formation

42
Q

forms of transmission of virus

A

through respiratory tract, skin, conjunctiva, genital tract

43
Q

How are viruses spread person to person?

A

through respiratory tract, saliva, blood or semen, fecal contamination of water and food

44
Q

How are viruses spread from mother to baby?

A

placenta or breast milk- vertical transmission

45
Q

How are viruses spread animal to human?

A

by vectors (ex. yellow fever)

46
Q

In what disease is virus spread systemically through body?

A

polio

47
Q

What does cell killing result in?

A

loss of function and symptoms

48
Q

non specific host defense against viral infections

A

interferon, NK cells, fever

49
Q

Specific defense against viral infections

A

humoral Antibiotics & CMI

50
Q

What is the main defense mechanism in viral infections?

A

specific immunity

51
Q

define Natural Killer Cells

A

a type of T lymphocyte that recognize virus infected cells and kill them

52
Q

Define Interferons

A

glycoproteins produced by leukocytes (neutrophils) during viral infection

53
Q

What eliminates non specific visions?

A

fever- especially help enveloped virions

54
Q

4 types of specific antibodies

A

IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgE

55
Q

What does IgA protect?

A

respiratory and gastro infections

56
Q

What does IgM and IgG protect?

A

against viruses entering blood

57
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

neutralize viruses, facilitate phagocytosis, interferes with adherence and penetration, cause lysis of virus infected cells

58
Q

What cell causes cell mediated immunity?

A

cytotoxic T cells- killing viral infected cells

59
Q

What antibodies for passive immunity?

A

IgG and IgM

60
Q

What are antibodies IgG and IgM used for?

A

rabies, Hep B, Varicella zoster

Microbiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions