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Microbiology > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of spirochetes

A

treponema, borrelia, leptospira

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2
Q

What is a causitive organism for syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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3
Q

What does treponema pallidum look like?

A

thin walled flexible spiral roda with axial filaments which causes undulating movements

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4
Q

Is treponema pallidum grown in a culture?

A

NO- not grown in culture media/in cell culture

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5
Q

Transmission of Treponema pallidum

A

through intimate contact of skin and mucous membranes

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6
Q

Is treponema pallidum transmitted to fetus?

A

YES- through the placenta

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7
Q

How is Treponema pallidum related to the world?

A

world wide in distribution, increasing incidence, notifiable disease

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8
Q

Path of transmission of treponema pallidum

A

no toxins or enzymes produced. Not very invassive, not much inflammation

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9
Q

While treponema run a chronic course if not treated?

A

YES

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10
Q

How many stages of treponema pallidum>

A

3

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11
Q

Primary stage of treponema pallidum

A

organism multiply at site of infection- 2-10 weeks after inoculation, pt develops painless ulcer on genitals- heals spontaneously

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12
Q

Secondary stage of treponema pallidum

A

1-3 months later, pt develops papular rashed in palms and soles - verrucae like growth of skin + mucous membranes in genitals

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13
Q

what are condyloma lata rich in?

A

spirochetes

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14
Q

WHat is condyloma lata?

A

verrucae like growth on skin and mucous membranes of genitals

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15
Q

Will the secondary stage heal on its own?

A

YES

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16
Q

Part portion of people in second stage progress to third stage?

A

1/3

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17
Q

latent stage of 2nd stage

A

symptoms occur 2-3 years later

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18
Q

Tertiary stage of syphilius

A

granuloma formation on skin and bones, CNS manifestation, tabes dorsailes, CVS lesions

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19
Q

What is tabes dorsal is?

A

pt will have abnormal sensation in coordination of walking and loss of knee jerk

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20
Q

Define CVS lesions

A

aortitis and aneurism formation of ascending aorta

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21
Q

congenital syphilis

A

Organism transmitted through placenta and can cause this disease in children

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22
Q

features of congenital syphilis

A

depressed nose, notched teeth, interstitial keratits, nerve deafness

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23
Q

3 features of congenital syphilis are known as what…?

A

Hutchinson’s triad

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23
Q

RPR test

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A

rapid plasma reagin test- nonspecific antibodies (reagin) bind cardiolipin (Ag) and reagin is a mixture of IgG &IgM

24
WHen will the RPR test be positive and when will it be negative?
Positive in primary and secondary stages | Negative after treatment
25
When do you have false positives in RPR?
occurs in leprosy, Hep B/infectious mononucleosis
26
When do you have false negatives in RPR?
if Abs are in too high concentration and no flocculation can result
27
Specific Serological Tests are what?
immuno fluorescent or haemaglutinin tests
28
Treatment for syphilis
Pen G- single dose- affords total cure | for pts allergic to Penicillin, take TC/Erythromycin for prolonged period
29
What happens in the treatment of secondary syphilis with Penicillin ?
Because bacteria is so high, you will have a rxn- fever, chill, myalgia flu like symptoms because of all the dead bacteria - Jerish Herxheimer rxn
30
Prevention for Syphilis
condoms, - individuals and contact person should be treated
31
Where does Leptospira grow?
in bacteria media containing serum
32
What are reservoirs for leptospira?
mainly rats, rodents, domestic livestock, US dogs- animal urine contaminate the soil and water
33
How can you contact leptospira?
wimming in contaminated water, consuming contaminated food or drinks (common in sewage), human infection occurs through skin and mucous membrane or ingestion
34
What does leptospira affect?
any organ!- liver (jaundice), kidney (uremia), lung (hemorrhage), CNS (meningitis)- first it produces fever and later attaches organ
35
clinical manifestations in leptospira
biphasic- fever, chills, severe headache- disappear then re appear after a week with all systemic manifestations
36
What is the multi organ failure phase called?
immune phase
37
Treatment for leptospira
Penicillin G (no resistance) / doxycycline
38
What does Borrelia burgdorferi cause?
causes lyme disease
39
What medium can you see lyme disease on?
motile spirochetes can be seen with Geirmsa stain and can be grown
40
Main reservoir of lyme disease?
small mammals like white footed mouse, deer transmission among animals by tick bite
41
What states is lyme disease common in?
NY, CT, Penn, NJ
42
What is the most common vector borne disease in US?
lyme disease
43
How long does the nymph have to feed on the skin to produce infection of lyme disease?
24-48 hours
44
What parts of the body are affected by lyme disease?
heart, joints, CNS
45
How many stages of lyme disease?
3!!
46
Stage 1 of lyme disease
circular red rash at site- clear white center described as Bull's Eye- accompanied with flu like symptoms
47
Stage 2 of lyme disease
Occurs weeks or months later - cardiac and neurological involvement in this stage, cerebral palsy
48
Stage 3 of lyme disease
Arthritis of large joints (knee), chronic progressive CNS disease follows
49
lab diagnosis of lyme disease
culture not done, serological exam for IgM Ab or raising IgG Ab by ELISA test
50
Treatment of lyme disease
stage 1-doxycycline/amoxicillin | severe form- Pen G/Ceftrioxone
51
Prevention of lyme disease
protective clothing, insect repellent, examination of skin for ticks, vaccine available
52
How is Borrellia recurrent is transmitted?
from person to person by human body louse
53
What does Borrellia recurrentis produce?
relapsing fever, chills, headache, multiorgan dysfunction
54
What happens to the antigens of this organism during infection?
Ags of this organism undergo variations and cause relapse 3-10 times- each attack terminates with rising Ab
55
Diagnosis of Borrellia recurrentis
large spirochete in peripheral smear
56
Treatment of Borrellia recurrentis
Tetracycline
57
List the most common vector borne bacterial diseases in the US?
lyme disease, RMS fever, relapsing fever and Tularemia

Microbiology (16 decks)

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