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Microbiology > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of spirochetes

A

treponema, borrelia, leptospira

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2
Q

What is a causitive organism for syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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3
Q

What does treponema pallidum look like?

A

thin walled flexible spiral roda with axial filaments which causes undulating movements

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4
Q

Is treponema pallidum grown in a culture?

A

NO- not grown in culture media/in cell culture

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5
Q

Transmission of Treponema pallidum

A

through intimate contact of skin and mucous membranes

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6
Q

Is treponema pallidum transmitted to fetus?

A

YES- through the placenta

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7
Q

How is Treponema pallidum related to the world?

A

world wide in distribution, increasing incidence, notifiable disease

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8
Q

Path of transmission of treponema pallidum

A

no toxins or enzymes produced. Not very invassive, not much inflammation

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9
Q

While treponema run a chronic course if not treated?

A

YES

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10
Q

How many stages of treponema pallidum>

A

3

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11
Q

Primary stage of treponema pallidum

A

organism multiply at site of infection- 2-10 weeks after inoculation, pt develops painless ulcer on genitals- heals spontaneously

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12
Q

Secondary stage of treponema pallidum

A

1-3 months later, pt develops papular rashed in palms and soles - verrucae like growth of skin + mucous membranes in genitals

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13
Q

what are condyloma lata rich in?

A

spirochetes

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14
Q

WHat is condyloma lata?

A

verrucae like growth on skin and mucous membranes of genitals

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15
Q

Will the secondary stage heal on its own?

A

YES

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16
Q

Part portion of people in second stage progress to third stage?

A

1/3

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17
Q

latent stage of 2nd stage

A

symptoms occur 2-3 years later

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18
Q

Tertiary stage of syphilius

A

granuloma formation on skin and bones, CNS manifestation, tabes dorsailes, CVS lesions

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19
Q

What is tabes dorsal is?

A

pt will have abnormal sensation in coordination of walking and loss of knee jerk

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20
Q

Define CVS lesions

A

aortitis and aneurism formation of ascending aorta

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21
Q

congenital syphilis

A

Organism transmitted through placenta and can cause this disease in children

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22
Q

features of congenital syphilis

A

depressed nose, notched teeth, interstitial keratits, nerve deafness

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23
Q

3 features of congenital syphilis are known as what…?

A

Hutchinson’s triad

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23
Q

RPR test

A

rapid plasma reagin test- nonspecific antibodies (reagin) bind cardiolipin (Ag) and reagin is a mixture of IgG &IgM

24
Q

WHen will the RPR test be positive and when will it be negative?

A

Positive in primary and secondary stages

Negative after treatment

25
Q

When do you have false positives in RPR?

A

occurs in leprosy, Hep B/infectious mononucleosis

26
Q

When do you have false negatives in RPR?

A

if Abs are in too high concentration and no flocculation can result

27
Q

Specific Serological Tests are what?

A

immuno fluorescent or haemaglutinin tests

28
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Pen G- single dose- affords total cure

for pts allergic to Penicillin, take TC/Erythromycin for prolonged period

29
Q

What happens in the treatment of secondary syphilis with Penicillin ?

A

Because bacteria is so high, you will have a rxn- fever, chill, myalgia flu like symptoms because of all the dead bacteria - Jerish Herxheimer rxn

30
Q

Prevention for Syphilis

A

condoms, - individuals and contact person should be treated

31
Q

Where does Leptospira grow?

A

in bacteria media containing serum

32
Q

What are reservoirs for leptospira?

A

mainly rats, rodents, domestic livestock, US dogs- animal urine contaminate the soil and water

33
Q

How can you contact leptospira?

A

wimming in contaminated water, consuming contaminated food or drinks (common in sewage), human infection occurs through skin and mucous membrane or ingestion

34
Q

What does leptospira affect?

A

any organ!- liver (jaundice), kidney (uremia), lung (hemorrhage), CNS (meningitis)- first it produces fever and later attaches organ

35
Q

clinical manifestations in leptospira

A

biphasic- fever, chills, severe headache- disappear then re appear after a week with all systemic manifestations

36
Q

What is the multi organ failure phase called?

A

immune phase

37
Q

Treatment for leptospira

A

Penicillin G (no resistance) / doxycycline

38
Q

What does Borrelia burgdorferi cause?

A

causes lyme disease

39
Q

What medium can you see lyme disease on?

A

motile spirochetes can be seen with Geirmsa stain and can be grown

40
Q

Main reservoir of lyme disease?

A

small mammals like white footed mouse, deer transmission among animals by tick bite

41
Q

What states is lyme disease common in?

A

NY, CT, Penn, NJ

42
Q

What is the most common vector borne disease in US?

A

lyme disease

43
Q

How long does the nymph have to feed on the skin to produce infection of lyme disease?

A

24-48 hours

44
Q

What parts of the body are affected by lyme disease?

A

heart, joints, CNS

45
Q

How many stages of lyme disease?

A

3!!

46
Q

Stage 1 of lyme disease

A

circular red rash at site- clear white center described as Bull’s Eye- accompanied with flu like symptoms

47
Q

Stage 2 of lyme disease

A

Occurs weeks or months later - cardiac and neurological involvement in this stage, cerebral palsy

48
Q

Stage 3 of lyme disease

A

Arthritis of large joints (knee), chronic progressive CNS disease follows

49
Q

lab diagnosis of lyme disease

A

culture not done, serological exam for IgM Ab or raising IgG Ab by ELISA test

50
Q

Treatment of lyme disease

A

stage 1-doxycycline/amoxicillin

severe form- Pen G/Ceftrioxone

51
Q

Prevention of lyme disease

A

protective clothing, insect repellent, examination of skin for ticks, vaccine available

52
Q

How is Borrellia recurrent is transmitted?

A

from person to person by human body louse

53
Q

What does Borrellia recurrentis produce?

A

relapsing fever, chills, headache, multiorgan dysfunction

54
Q

What happens to the antigens of this organism during infection?

A

Ags of this organism undergo variations and cause relapse 3-10 times- each attack terminates with rising Ab

55
Q

Diagnosis of Borrellia recurrentis

A

large spirochete in peripheral smear

56
Q

Treatment of Borrellia recurrentis

A

Tetracycline

57
Q

List the most common vector borne bacterial diseases in the US?

A

lyme disease, RMS fever, relapsing fever and Tularemia

Microbiology (16 decks)

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