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Microbiology > lecture 15 > Flashcards

lecture 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List DNA enveloped viruses

A

herpes, varicella, cytomegalo, ebstein-Barr, smallpox, Moluscum contagiosum, Hep B

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2
Q

List DNA non enveloped viruses

A

Adeno virus, HPV, Parvo

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3
Q

List RNA Enveloped viruses

A

influenze, measels, mumps, rubella, rabies

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4
Q

2 types of Herpes simplex

A

HSV 1, HSV 2

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5
Q

Where does herpes simplex multiply?

A

inside the nucleus of the host cell- notorious for latent infections

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6
Q

Transmission of Herpes simplex

A

contact through the skin- touch
HSV1 through saliva
HSV2 through sexual contact

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7
Q

pathogenesis of HSV

A

(blisters) virsuses replicate in skin and mucous membrane and produce vesicular lesions

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8
Q

Define latent stage for the HSV1

A

virus hides in trigeminal ganglion (5th cranial nerve)

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9
Q

define latent stage for the HSV2

A

becomes latent in limbo-sacral ganglions. Immunity is not powerful and hence reoccurrence can occur

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10
Q

What does HSV1 produce?

A

vesicular lesion above the waist, gingivostomatitis in children, herpes labialis, eye (corneal ulcers) , brain (encephalitis), blisters in fingers

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11
Q

What does HSV2 cause?

A

lesions below the waist, genital herpes, neonatal herpes

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12
Q

Is the HSV2 incidence rising in the US?

A

YES

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13
Q

How do you diagnose HSV?

A

ELISA test - identifies specific viral proteins/fluorescent antibody staining of infected cells

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14
Q

treatment of HSV?

A

acyclovir

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15
Q

is there a vaccine for HSV?

A

NO

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16
Q

What does Varicella- zoster virus cause?

A

chicken pox- primary disease and shingles is the recurrent lesion
disease is self limiting

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17
Q

Transmission of Varicella-zoster virus?

A

through respiratory droplets, direct contact- highly contagious in children- occurs world wide!
occurs when immunity is lower

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of Varicella-zoster virus?

A

enters through respiratory tract and spreads through blood to skin- multiply and produce rashes, nuclear inclusion bodies can be seen

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19
Q

Can zoster and chicken pox occur more than once?

A

Not usually, but it has happened

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20
Q

clinical features of chicken pox

A

fever, malaise for 2 or 3 days followed by papulo vasicular rashes then spread to head and limbs

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21
Q

Development of crusts

A

papules–vesicles–pustules–crusts

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22
Q

Clinical features of Zoster

A

painful vesicles on the course of the spinal nerve/trigeminal nerve

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23
Q

Treatment for chicken pox?

A

no drugs necessary, self limiting

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24
Q

What will giving asprin produce in someone with chicken pox?

A

may produce Ryes syndrome- encephalopathy and liver damage

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25
Q

Treatment for shingles?

A

acyclovir/velacylovir

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26
Q

Prevention of varicella-zoster virus

A

vaccine- live attenuated vaccine

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27
Q

What does Cytomegalo virus cause?

A

congenital abnormalities in newborns- mostly mental retardation

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28
Q

How is Cytomegalo virus spread?

A

in children- through saliva
in adults- through semen/cervical secretions
in pregnant women- through placenta, breast milk, birth canal

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29
Q

What is the infection of cytomegalo in women and children?

A

mostly asymptomatic

30
Q

What will infection of Cytomegalo in mothers during first trimester cause?

A

microcephaly- small head

31
Q

Clinical findings of Cytomegalo in children?

A

microcephaly, seizures, deafness, jaundice, purpura in infants- leading cause of mental retardation

32
Q

Clinical findings of Cytomegalo in adults?

A

mild fever, pneumonia, hepatitis- can cause retinitis in AIDS patients

33
Q

Treatment of Cytomegalo

A

Gancyclovir/Fascornet

Formivericin for retinitis

34
Q

Causes of Ebstein-Barr virus

A

infectious mononucleosis- world wide distribution

35
Q

Transmission of Ebstein-Barr virus?

A

through saliva- kissing, enters through oropharynx- blood spread, infects lymphocytes

36
Q

Pathogenesis of Ebstein-Barr virus

A

infects epithelial cells of pharynx and B lymphocytes

37
Q

What are Downey cells?

A

Formed from the pathogenesis of Ebstein-Barr virus: cytotoxic T cells attack infected B cells resulting in enlarged distorted B cells

38
Q

Clinical features of Ebstein-Barr virus

A

fever, sore throat, lymph gland enlargement, lymphocytosis

39
Q

Treatment for Ebstein-Barr virus?

A

none

40
Q

Is small pox eradicated?

A

YES

41
Q

What does small pox not have?

A

no carrier state, no asymptomatic infection

42
Q

Transmission of small pox

A

large blisters that will leave pitted scars

43
Q

What does Moluscum congagiosum cause?

A

small pink colored tumors- self limited, disappears in one month

44
Q

Transmission of Moluscum congagiosum?

A

Through close contact- common among children

45
Q

What do the lesions look like from Moluscum congagiosum?

A

flesh colored, dome shaped, and pearly in appearance

1-5 mm in diameter, with a dimpled center

46
Q

Removal of lesions from Moluscum congagiosum?

A

electrocautery/ liquid nitrogen

47
Q

What does Adeno virus infect?

A

mucosal epithelium of respiratory tract, GI tract, conjunctiva

48
Q

What does Adeno virus look like?

A

it has icesohedral symmetry and 12 protruding fibers from capsid

49
Q

Transmission of Adeno virus?

A

aerosol, fecal-oral route/ direct inoculation into conjunctiva

50
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Adeno virus?

A

there are several serotypes- cause respiratory disease, gastric enteritis, hemorrhagic cystitis, kerato conjunctivitis

51
Q

What is adeno virus first isolated from?

A

adenoids

52
Q

Treatment of Adeno virus?

A

no anti viral drug, most infections resolve spontaneously

53
Q

What does HPV cause?

A

benign warty growth from squamous cells of skin, 30 serotypes, skin warts, genital warts

54
Q

How is HPV transmitted ?

A

skin to skin contact or by genital contact

55
Q

What is the most common STD?

A

genital warts

56
Q

What is HPV 16 associated with?

A

carcinoma cervix/penis

57
Q

What do HIV patients with HPV have a high risk of?

A

carcinoma cervix

58
Q

Treatment of HPV?

A

podophylin for genital warts, alpha interferon, liquid nitrogen for warts, plantar warts removed surgically

59
Q

Is there a vaccine for HPV?

A

yes- gardasil

60
Q

What does Parovirus B19 cause?

A

disease known as Erythema infectious- slapped cheek syndrome

61
Q

What is the smallest virus?

A

Parovirus B 19- single stranded DNA genome

62
Q

What does Parovirus B19 look like?

A

icosohedral symmetry, no sero types

63
Q

Transmission of Parovirus B19

A

respiratory route, transplacental

64
Q

Pathogenesis of Parovirus B19?

A

infects 2 types of cells, premature RBCs and endothelial cells

65
Q

What are premature RBCs?

A

red cell precursors from bone marrow- causing aplastic anemia

66
Q

What do endothelial cells of blood vessels cause?

A

rash

67
Q

What do immune complexes with IgM/IgG and viruses cause?

A

arthritis

68
Q

Clinical manifestations of Parovirus?

A

slapped cheek syndrome in children, low grade fever, coryza, sore throat- resolve in one week, aplastic anemia, fetal infections through placenta, chronic B19 infection

69
Q

Diagnosis of Parovirus

A

IgM Ab detection/PCR to demonstrate viral DNA

70
Q

Treatment of Parovirus?

A

no antiviral drug

Microbiology (16 decks)

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