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Microbiology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diseases of Gram negative Neisseria

A

Neisseria Meningitides and Neisseria Gonorrhea

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2
Q

What type of agar does Neisseria need?

A

chocolate agar (heated blood agar)

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3
Q

What is the shape of Neisseria Meningitides?

A

kidney shape arranged in pairs with wide polysaccharide capsule, strict aerobe

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4
Q

Does Neisseria Meningitides contain plasmids?

A

no plasmids since no exotoxin production

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5
Q

How is meningitides transmitted?

A

airborn droplets- colonize mucous membrane of nasopharynx and URT

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6
Q

Where is meningitides common?

A

crowded places, military camps and student camps

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7
Q

virulence factors of meningitides

A
  1. polysaccharide capsule which resists phagocytosis, endotoxin present in cell wall responsible for septic shock and septicemia, and organism produces IgA protease, which helps to attach to mucous membrane
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8
Q

What does meningitides cause and describe it

A

meningitis- fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, disorientation, turbid CSF, leukocytes, organisms inside neutrophils

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9
Q

What causes septic shock and describe it

A

bacteremia- fever, shock, widespread purpura and disseminated intravascular clotting

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10
Q

What is the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis

A

Brudzinski’s sign- severe neck stiffness causes a patients hips and knees flex when neck is flexed

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11
Q

define Kernig’s sign

A

Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees

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12
Q

Where do you do a lumbar puncture?

A

3rd or 4th lumbar spine

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13
Q

What does hemorrhage in adrenal cortex lead to?

A

adrenal insufficiency known as waterhouse=friedrichen syndrome

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14
Q

2 organisms causing meningitis in children

A

Pneumo and meningo cocci

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15
Q

Treatment for meningitis

A

penicillin G, sulphonamides are also effective

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16
Q

Prevention for meningitis

A

chemoprophylaxis- rifampicin & ciprofloxin , vaccine available- meningo coccal vaccine contains capsular polysaccharides

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17
Q

Who is Nis gonorrhoeae symptomatic in?

A

men and asymptomatic in women

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18
Q

Where is Ni Gonorrhoeae found?

A

in genital tract- less commonly in anaorectal region and oropharynx

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19
Q

Examples of virulence factors

A

pili, cell wall lip oligosachride and IgA protease

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20
Q

where does genetic variation occur

A

in pili and outer membrane proteins as a result of chromosomal rearrangement

21
Q

clinical manifestations of Nis. Gonorrhoeae in men

A

causes urethritis, painful urination and pus in urine– gonorrhea- disseminated infection lead to septic arthritis in sexually active men

22
Q

repeated infections of the urethra can lead to what?

A

urethral stricture– occluding of the urethra

23
Q

define reiters syndrome

A

non gonococcal urethritis, arthritis and conjunctivitis which is immunological

24
Q

clinical manifestations of Nis. Gonorrhea in women

A

mostly asymptomatic- in few it can cause purulent vaginal discharge and inner menstrual bleeding- lead to PID, ectopic pregnancy, salphingitis

25
Q

Can fetuses contract nis. gonorrhoeae?

A

yes- when passing through the birth canal- severe purulent bilateral conjunctivitis can occur- other STDs can co-exist

26
Q

Treatment for Nis. Gonorrhoeae

A

Penicillin G is drug of choice- nowadays ceftrioxone is given

27
Q

Prevention of Nis. Gonorrhoeae

A

use of a condom- there is no vaccine- babies can be given erythromycin drops for eyes

28
Q

List the 4 organisms in the Gram + Category

A

Bacillus, Clostridium, Corney bacterium diphtheriae and lysteriae momcytogens

29
Q

Which gram + groups are spore forming?

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

30
Q

Which gram + groups are non-spore forming?

A

Corney bacterium diptheriae and lysteriae

31
Q

What are the two species of Bacillus and is it aerobic or anaerobic?

A

aerobic- species are B anthrax and B cereus

32
Q

What are the four species of Clostridium and is it aerobic or anaerobic?

A

anaerobic- Cl tetani, Cl botulinum, Cl perfingens, Cl difficile

33
Q

Describe B Anthrax

A

large rods with square ends with spores in the center- arranged in chains (Bamboo stick appearance) - non motile

34
Q

What is the capsule of B anthrax?

A

Capsule is D glutamate- antigenic and antiphagocytic

35
Q

Anthrax is mainly a disease of_____

A

herbivorous animals (cattle, goat, horse) - humans get the disease accidentally

36
Q

three forms humans can get B Anthrax

A

skin, lungs, gastro intestinal track

37
Q

Transmission of B Anthrax

A

spores found in soil- remain for years- can get from wound infection. Inhale, ingest of contaminated meat, inhalation

38
Q

What is wool sorter’s disease?

A

inhalation of B Anthrax from hides, skin, wool and bristles

39
Q

What is malignant pustule and how do you get it?

A

Painless ulcer with black crust on the skinw ith surrounding edema- caused by skin exposure to B Anthrax

40
Q

Define pulmonary anthrax of B Anthrax

A

initially flu like symptoms, dry cough, retro sternal pressure, septic shock and death

41
Q

How do you diagnose Pulmonary Anthrax disease?

A

Xray shows widening of the mediastinum and pleural effusion

42
Q

Results of GI track B Anthrax

A

vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea

43
Q

What does the lab diagnosis of B Anthrax look like?

A

2-3 grayish colonies: medusa head appearance on blood agar, in gelatin medium you will see inverted fir tree appearance, and smears show characteristic chains (bamboo sticks-blue)

44
Q

What is used to treat B Anthrax?

A

Penicillin G is treatment of choice

45
Q

What can be used to prevent B Anthrax?

A

Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline- animals dyin of anthrax disease should be burnt not buried , vaccine is available

46
Q

Describe B Cereus

A

a soil dwelling organism which causes food poisoning- spores found on food grains survive steaming and frying

47
Q

2 types of enterotoxins produced by B Cereus

A
  1. Causes ADP ribosylation of G protein resulting in non-bloody diarrhea like cholera 2. acts as super Ag causes vomiting and nausea
48
Q

Treatment for B Cereus

A

treatment only symptomatic- self limiting (no treatment needed)

Microbiology (16 decks)

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