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Microbiology > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Types of Metazoa parasites

A

cestodes, trematodes, nematodes

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2
Q

What are cestodes?

A

tape worms

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3
Q

How many parts do tape worms have?

A

2- rounded head and flat body of multiple segments

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4
Q

What is the rounded head of the tape worm known as?

A

Scolex

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5
Q

What is the flat body of multiple segments of the tape worm called?

A

proglotids

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6
Q

What is the host of tape worms?

A

human

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7
Q

4 types of tape worms?

A

pork, beef, fish, and dog tape worms

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8
Q

What do pork tape worms cause?

A

disease known as cysticircosis in humans

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9
Q

Define cysticerci

A

name of larvae in pork

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10
Q

What happens when humans swallow eggs?

A

larval form cysticerci develop in various organs like brain and eye where they encyst

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11
Q

What will happen when the cysticerci is in brain

A

mimic brain tumors and causes headache, vomiting, seizures

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12
Q

What will happen when cysticerci is in the eye?

A

may cause uveitis and retinitis

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13
Q

Where is the pork tape worm most common?

A

Asia, S. America and eastern Europe

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14
Q

Treatment for adult pork tape worms

A

Praziquintal

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15
Q

Treatment for cysticercosis from pork tape worms

A

surgical excision

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16
Q

Transmission of beef tape worm

A

humans infected by eating under cooked beef containing larvae

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17
Q

Who is the host of beef tape worm?

A

human

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18
Q

Who is the intermediate host of beef tape worm?

A

cattle

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19
Q

Where is beef tape worm commonly found?

A

Africa, S. America and Eastern Europe

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20
Q

Clinical features of beef tape worm?

A

adult worms do not cause symptoms- proflatids protrude through anus

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21
Q

Treatment for beef tape worm?

A

Praziquental

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22
Q

Transmission of fish tape worm?

A

eating raw/uncooked fish containing larvae

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23
Q

Symptoms for adult worm fish tape worm

A

asymptomatic- may produce anemia due to B12 deficiency

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24
Q

What does dog tape worm cause?

A

hydatid cyst in humans

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25
Who is the definitive host in dog tape worm?
dog
26
What is the intermediate host for dog tape worm?
sheep
27
What is the dead and intermediate host of dog tape worm?
human
28
Transmission of dog tape worm
worms in the dog liberate thousands of eggs- ingested by sheep or human and embryo emerges into intestine and migrates to liver, lung, bone and brain
29
Where do the large fluid filled hydatid cyst develop in the body?
brain, lung, liver
30
What does hydatid cyst cause?
causing pressure effects on tissue
31
Treatment of dog tape worm
surgical removal to prevent accidental dissemination- hypertonic saline injection used
32
Life cycle of trematodes?
a sexual cycle (in humans) and an asexual reproduction in freshwater snails (intermediate host_
33
Transmission of trematodes to human
occurs either through penetration of skin by free-swimming larval form (cercaria) or via ingestion of cysts
34
What is the name for free-swimming larval?
cercaria
35
What are the two things that schistosoma effects?
GIT and urinary tract- the forms exist as separate sexes
36
Where do S. mansoni and S. Japanicum live?
in mesentric veins draining the intestines
37
Where do S. Hematobium live?
in pelvic veins draining the bladder
38
What is the size of an adult Schistosoma worm
1-4 inches
39
How does human infection of Schistosoma occur?
in water- when you swim in ponds or lakes- penetrate legs and enter blood circulation to reach liver
40
Clinical manifestations of Schistosoma?
most are asymptomatic- granulomas in liver, portal hypertension, enlarged liver and spleen, GI bleeding, granulomas in bladder causing hematuria
41
How do you diagnose Schistosoma in the lab?
finding characteristic eggs in stools
42
Treatment for Schistosoma
Praziquental
43
What are Nematodes?
round worms
44
2 types of Nematodes
intestinal and tissue nematodes
45
Describe what Nematodes look like?
have cylindrical body with complete digestive systems from mouth to anus- body has acellular resistant coating- female larger than male, 2 larval forms!
46
What is the host for nematodes?
human
47
Intermediate host for Nematodes?
NONE
48
What do Nematodes cause?
eosinophilia and allergy
49
What are enterobius vermicularis?
pin/thread worm
50
Transmission of enterobius vermicularis
eggs are ingested- hatch in small intestines and migrate to colon
51
Who is enterobius vermicularis common in?
children
52
Clinical manifestations of Enterobius vermicularis?
perianal pruritus, scratching
53
What country is Enterbius vermicularis most common in?
US
54
Lab diagnosis for Enterobius vermicularis
eggs not found in stool- may be in perianal scrapings | adult worms can be seen in stool or diapers
55
Treatment for Enterobius vermicualris
Mebendazol or pyrental palmoate
56
What type of worm is Ascaris lumbricoides?
round worm
57
How does human infection of Ascaris lumbricoides occur?
ingestion of egg in soil contaminated with human feces hatch in small intestines and larvae spreads through blood stream
58
Where can Ascaris lumbricoides be found?
in intestinal lumen- not attached to walls- live on ingested food
59
Clinical manifestations of Ascaris lumbricoides
larval migration through lungs causes eosinophilia, chronic bronchitis and cough
60
What can adult round worm cause?
malnutrition
61
Where are Ascaris lumbricoides common?
in tropical countries
62
Lab diagnosis of Ascaris?
detection of eggs ins tools- sometimes adult worms are passed in stools
63
Treatment for ascaris?
Mebendazol and pyrantel palmoate
64
Prevention for Ascaris?
proper disposal of night soils
65
What are the two types of Hook worms?
Ankylostoma duodenale, necator americanus
66
Transmission of hook worm?
attaches to gut wall and sucks blood, worm produces anticoagulants which prevent clotting- can produce anemia if enough blood loss

Microbiology (16 decks)

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