Lecture 8: Nervous System 1

Question 1

What body parts are included in the centra nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 1

• Brain
• Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)

Question 2

What makes up the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 2

• Sensory receptors, sensory and motor nerves
• Peripheral portions of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
• Peripheral ganglia – groups of nerves outside CNS

Question 3

What are the types of sensory and motor nerves?

Answer 3

• Afferent (sensory)– take messages towards brain ->
• Efferent (motor)– carry messages away from brain (e.g. touch hot oven)

Question 4

What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Answer 4

Control viscera

Question 5

What are the three membranes covering the brain?

Answer 5

• Dura mater (tough mother)
• Arachnoid mater
• Pia mater (delicate mother)
• Subarachnoid space - CSF

Question 6

What is the dura mater?

Answer 6

outermost membrane

Question 7

What does dura mater mean?

Answer 7

tough mother

Question 8

What does the Arachnoid mater consist of?

Answer 8

Has blood vessels, creates
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

Question 9

Where is the pia mater located?

Answer 9

Adhered to brain/spinal cord

Question 10

What is another name for membranes?

Answer 10

meninges

Question 11

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 11

shock-absorber: jogging

Question 12

Where is the cerebrospinal fluid made?

Answer 12

Secreted by choroid plexus in lateral ventricles

Question 13

Describe what the cerebrospinal fluid looks like and where it is located.

Answer 13

-Colorless, watery liquid surrounding brain and spinal cord
- fills subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater) and ventricles

Question 14

What are ventricles?

Answer 14

Small spaces in brain

Question 15

What is contained in the 4 ventricles of the brain?

Answer 15

contains choroid plexus,
network of capillaries lined by
ependymal cells that produce
CSF

Question 16

How many lateral ventricles are in the brain?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What do the 2 lateral ventricles do?

Answer 17

Communicate with the third ventricle.

Question 18

Third ventricle communicates with the ___ ventricle.

Answer 18

fourth

Question 19

Explain the fourth brain ventricle.

Answer 19

most caudal, located in brain stem, continuous with central canal of spinal cord

Question 20

How is CSF collected?

Answer 20

• In humans: L3 – L4 (lower back)
• Dogs: AO
• Enter subarachnoid space to collect sample

Question 21

What is the Queckenstedt test?

Answer 21

-compressing the jugular veins in the neck to increase pressure in the spinal canal
-temporarily restricts venous blood flow, intracranial pressure rises, making it easier to assess the flow of CSF

Question 22

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 22

.

Question 23

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 23

.

Question 24

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 24

.

Question 25

What is nervous tissue made of?

Answer 25

Nervous tissue is made of
neurons and neuroglial
(glial) cells

Question 26

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 26

• Cell body (soma)
• Dendrites
• Axon
• Presynaptic terminal

Question 27

What does the cell body contain?

Answer 27

Contains nucleus, ER etc