Lecture 8: Nervous System 1 Flashcards
What body parts are included in the centra nervous system (CNS)?
- Brain
- Spinal cord (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)
What makes up the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
- Sensory receptors, sensory and motor nerves
- Peripheral portions of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
- Peripheral ganglia – groups of nerves outside CNS
What are the types of sensory and motor nerves?
- Afferent (sensory)– take messages towards brain ->
- Efferent (motor)– carry messages away from brain (e.g. touch hot oven)
What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Control viscera
What are the three membranes covering the brain?
- Dura mater (tough mother)
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater (delicate mother)
- Subarachnoid space - CSF
What is the dura mater?
outermost membrane
What does dura mater mean?
tough mother
What does the Arachnoid mater consist of?
Has blood vessels, creates
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
Where is the pia mater located?
Adhered to brain/spinal cord
What is another name for membranes?
meninges
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
shock-absorber: jogging
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid made?
Secreted by choroid plexus in lateral ventricles
Describe what the cerebrospinal fluid looks like and where it is located.
-Colorless, watery liquid surrounding brain and spinal cord
- fills subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater) and ventricles
What are ventricles?
Small spaces in brain
What is contained in the 4 ventricles of the brain?
contains choroid plexus,
network of capillaries lined by
ependymal cells that produce
CSF
How many lateral ventricles are in the brain?
2
What do the 2 lateral ventricles do?
Communicate with the third ventricle.
Third ventricle communicates with the ___ ventricle.
fourth
Explain the fourth brain ventricle.
most caudal, located in brain stem, continuous with central canal of spinal cord
How is CSF collected?
- In humans: L3 – L4 (lower back)
- Dogs: AO
- Enter subarachnoid space to collect sample
What is the Queckenstedt test?
-compressing the jugular veins in the neck to increase pressure in the spinal canal
-temporarily restricts venous blood flow, intracranial pressure rises, making it easier to assess the flow of CSF
Blood-brain barrier
.
Blood-brain barrier
.
Blood-brain barrier
.
What is nervous tissue made of?
Nervous tissue is made of
neurons and neuroglial
(glial) cells
What are the parts of a neuron?
- Cell body (soma)
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Presynaptic terminal
What does the cell body contain?
Contains nucleus, ER etc
