Lecture 16: Cardiovascular System 2

Question 1

What is the cardiac cycle (brief)?

Answer 1

the sequence of mechanical and electrical events repeating with every heartbeat

Question 2

What kind of pump is the heart?

Answer 2

A two stroke pump

Question 3

What are the phases of the heart?

Answer 3

The filling phase and the emptying phase

Question 4

What determines the duration of a cardiac cycle?

Answer 4

An electrical pacemaker in the sinoatrial node

Question 5

Describe what the right atria recieves.

Answer 5

deoxygenated blood from vena cava

Question 6

Describe what the left atrium recieves.

Answer 6

Oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

Question 7

What are the atria?

Answer 7

passive reservoirs that contact to force blood into ventricles

Question 8

What permits unidirectional flow?

Answer 8

AV valves

Question 9

How are cardiac valves opened and closed?

Answer 9

passively by pressure

Question 10

What happens when the cardiac valves are not functioning properly?

Answer 10

blood flows backwards (e.g. into
atrium) and flow makes a sound (murmur)

Question 11

What is a regurgitant lesion?

Answer 11

a lesion that causes the heart valve to not close properly

Question 12

What is a stenotic lesion?

Answer 12

a valve opening is narrowed which restricts blood flow through it

Question 13

What is systole?

Answer 13

When ventricles are contracting

Question 14

What is diastole?

Answer 14

When ventricles are relaxing

Question 15

At rest, systole is about ___ time, diastole is ___ time

Answer 15

At rest, systole is about 1/3 time, diastole is 2/3 time

Question 16

At exercise, _____ is
more prominent,
____ is reduced

Answer 16

At exercise, systole is
more prominent,
diastole is reduced

Question 17

What are the two phases of blood flow?

Answer 17

filling and emptying

Question 18

What is the systolic arterial pressure?

Answer 18

120 mmHg

Question 19

What is the diastolic arterial pressure?

Answer 19

80 mmHg

Question 20

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 20

The difference between systolic and diastolic

Question 21

What does blood pressure depend on?

Answer 21

cardiac output (total blood flow) and venous return to the heart (preload)

Question 22

What is the cardiac output?

Answer 22

Volume of blood ejected from the heart every
minute

Question 23

What is the venous return to heart?

Answer 23

Flow of blood delivered by the heart, contributes to blood pressure

Question 24

Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate at?

Answer 24

the root of the aorta

Question 25

What do the right and left coronary arteries supply?

Answer 25

the myocardium

Question 26

What happens to the coronary arteries during diastole?

Answer 26

there is myocardial relaxation and the coronary arteries are filled with blood to perfuse the hear