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Physiology for Engineers > Lecture 15: Cardiovascular System 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 15: Cardiovascular System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does CPR stand for?

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

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2
Q

What is CPR?

A

an emergency lifesaving procedure performed
when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can
double or triple chances of survival after cardiac
arrest

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3
Q

How many people a year die from cardiac arrest?

A

350,000

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4
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

When the heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly. Cardiac arrest is an electrical problem

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5
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

When blood flow to the heart is blocked. A heart attack is a circulation problem

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6
Q

What is another word for heart attack?

A

myocardial infarction

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7
Q

How does CPR save people (mechanically)?

A

keeps the blood (and oxygen) flowing to the brain and other organs

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8
Q

True/False: CPR will work if the heart has stopped?

A

False CPR does not restart the heart, if it has stopped.

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9
Q

How is cardiac arrest treated?

A

Defibrillation (AED)

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10
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation or
ventricular tachycardia?

A

electrical signals that control
the heart are not organized, so the heart muscle is not
contracting and pumping blood correctly

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11
Q

What does an AED do?

A

The shock of electrical current from a defibrillator
will depolarize the heart cells, stop the abnormal
rhythm (arrhythmia) and start a normal heartbeat.

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the circulatory system?

A

heart, blood, pipes (vessels; arteries and veins)

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13
Q

How much does a human heart weigh?

A

300g

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14
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

thin fibrous sac covering the heart

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15
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

-potential space between visceral and parietal
-normally contains 1 ml fluid to allow free movement

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16
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

17
Q

What is myocardium?

A

Muscle, majority of
heart wall thickness

18
Q

What is endocardium?

A

Thin layer covering
surface of heart

19
Q

Does blood go through the right or left side of the heart first?

A

right

20
Q

What is the role of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

21
Q

What is the structure of arteries?

A

thick, muscular walls, high pressure

22
Q

What are capillaries and what do they do?

A

They are microscopic vessel networks throughout tissue that connect arteries and veins. They allow the exchange of gas/nutrients between blood and interstitial fluid

23
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

They carry blood to the heart

24
Q

What is the structure of veins?

A

thin-walled, easily distensible, low pressure, have valves to prevent backflow

25
Q

Varicose veins

A
26
Q

What does the vascular system consist of?

A

The systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation

27
Q

Where does the high pressure system flow?

A

Left ventricle to capillaries

28
Q

Where does the low-pressure system flow?

A

from the capillaries to right heart and pulm capillaries

29
Q

What happens during right-side heart failure?

A

blood stays in vena cava
ascites (fluid backs up into abdomen)

30
Q

What happens during left-side heart failure?

A

blood stays in lungs (pulmonary edema)

31
Q

What color is deoxygenated blood in diagrams?

A

blue

32
Q

What color is oxygenated blood in diagrams?

A

red

33
Q

True/False: Blood is sometimes blue.

A

false

34
Q

Describe the look of hemoglobin when oxygenated vs deoxygenated.

A

When it is oxygenated, it is bright red, when it is deoxygenated, it is maroon

35
Q

Why does the color of hemoglobin change when it becomes deoxygenated?

A

It changes shape

36
Q

True/False: Arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels are red

A

False they are colorless

37
Q

Why do veins appear blue?

A

They have darker blood and thinner walls. Also blue light does not penetrate the skin as well as red light so it is more likely to be scattered and returned to the eye

38
Q

What color do veins appear in golden skin?

A

green

39
Q
A

Physiology for Engineers (30 decks)

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