Lecture 8: Concentration (Part 2)

Question 1

What are concentration exercise? Give some examples.

Answer 1

Exercises performed in training aimed to improve concentration
Simulation training/ concentration grid

Question 2

What are concentration techniques? Give some examples.

Answer 2

Techniques used to improve attention that are carried out during performance
Imagery, self-talk, goal setting, pre-performance routines

Question 3

What is encoding specificity?

Answer 3

Memory recall is better if it is undertaken in the same conditions where coding originally occurred

Question 4

What is ironic-processing theory?

Answer 4

Effort to try and control a mental state can have opposite effect

Question 5

List some criteria for creating effective self-talk.

Answer 5

Phoenetically simple
In time with movement pattern
Relevant to movement

Process focused (rather than outcome)
Present (rather than future)
Positive (rather than negative)

Question 6

What parts of the TAIS did Calmels et al. incorporate into their effectiveness of imagery on attention study?

Answer 6

Overlaod by external stimuli
Broad-external attentional focus
Narrow Focus

Question 7

What were the conclusions of Calmels et al.’s study on elite softball players, in regard to the effectiveness of imagery?

Answer 7

Mixed reviews, largely positive

Question 8

What did Dugdale and Ecklund identify as the effects of a cue word on attention to umpires? What was the result of participants attention to umpires, when told simply not to pay attention to them?

Answer 8

Cue word with a high cognitive load increased selective attention (not looking at umpire)
Increased unwanted attention paid to the umpire

Question 9

What did Green and Bevalier discover as the effects of video-game use on attention?

Answer 9

Increased selective attention

Higher score in Flanker Compatibility Test and Useful Field of View Test