Lecture 23: Emotions Flashcards
What is the definition of an emotion?
Psychophysiological
Ongoing interaction between person and environment
What should emotional research be able to do?
Describe/ Explain/ Predict
Success and Well-being
What are the two types of emotional experience and what are their properties?
State-like (dynamic)
Trait-like (stable)
What are meta-experiences?
Feelings about feelings
What are the 5 dimensions of emotional experience?
Form Content Intensity Context Time
What do meta-experiences help influence?
Strategy
Intervention
Define emotional regulation.
Reframing of emotions towards specific sport situations and emotion experiences
What are the two approaches to categorising emotional content?
Discrete Dimensional (valence and hedonic tone - a scale)
What are the 3 most important types of emotion?
Idiosyncratic
Functionally helpful
Specific
What did Robazza and Bortoli identify about anger in rugby, in relation to its properties as a negative emotion?
Anger is negative but can be facilitative and debilitative
Controlled anger is facilitative while repressed anger is debilitative
What are the four emotional categories?
P+ (optimal emotions and pleasant)
P- (dysfunctional emotions and unpleasant)
N+ (optimal emotions but unpleasant)
N- (dysfunctional emotions but pleasant)
Which emotional categories have the biggest impact on: success, well-being and failure?
Success: P+
Well-being: P-
Failure: N-
How does intensity of emotion differ between athletes in regard to successful performance?
In terms of intensity of emotions, different athletes have different optimal zones
What does Hanin describe in his ‘Individual zones of optimal functioning’?
Optimal emotional intensity zones are idiosyncratic and therefore differ between athletes
Specific constellation functional and dysfunctional emotions for athletes
Determined by training vs. competition
Describe the ESP-40.
Emotional State Profile
Uses recall scaling
Includes the four emotional categories, with examples for each to allow for recall scaling
How does Ruiz and Hanin’s recall scaling work?
Athletes choose 5 pleasant and 5 unpleasant emotions that resulted in optimal and successful performance
Athletes chose 5 pleasant and 5 unpleasant emotions that resulted in failure and unsuccessful performance
Give each an intensity rating out of 10
What are Hanin’s applied recommendations of the IZOF model?
Optimum levels of emotion should be known by each athlete
Attitudes and beliefs towards specific emotions should be known by each athlete
Emotional self-regulation strategies known
What did Robazza et al. discover about the effects of an emotional regulation intervention?
Increased performance
What cognitive and arousal control techniques did Jones outline as most important in emotion management?
Cognitive: Self-talk/ Imagery/ Observational Learning/ Reframing/ Problem-solving
Arousal control: diaphragmatic breathing/ centering/ muscular relaxation/ up-beat music/ exercise
What did Laukka and Quick identify about the effect of music and gender on emotion?
Music increased: positive affect, activation and motivation
Women had valued emotions as more important and more of them
