Lecture 12: Imagery (Part 2)

Question 1

What are Munroe et al.’s 4W’s?

Answer 1

What
Where
When
Why

Question 2

Give a detailed description of the 2*2 analytical framework for imagery?

Answer 2

Cognitive specific:
imagery about a specific action

Cognitive general:
imagery about tactics/planning

Motivational specific:
goal and goal achievements

Motivational general:

a) Arousal: relaxation etc.
b) Mastery: confidence/ trying to focus

Question 3

Which area of the 2*2 analytical framework is used most often by athletes?

Answer 3

Motivational-General-Mastery

Question 4

What were the limitations of the old applied model of imagery use?

Answer 4

Didn’t take perspective into account and doesn’t allow for more than one outcome

Question 5

Give a detailed description of the revised model of imagery use.

Answer 5

Where and When/ Who –> Why –> What and How –> Outcome
Imagery Ability: influences What and How and the overall Outcome
Personal Meaning: established Why an individual is imaging and What and How they image

Question 6

According to Cumming and Williams, when is effective imagery most likely to occur?

Answer 6

Function=Outcome

When imagery is meaningful and effective and function will achieve the desired outcome

Question 7

What did Blair et al. conclude about cognitive-specific imagery and its role as a supplement to physical practice?

Answer 7

Both physical activity and cognitive-specific imagery can increase performance

Question 8

What did Savoy & Beitel claim about the effects of removal of imagery on basketball performance?

Answer 8

Increased amount of foul shots

Question 9

What was the difference between performance imagery and performance + outcome imagery, according to Martin & Hall?

Answer 9

Performance imagery (MS) increased adherence and practice time the most

Question 10

What was the effect of MGA imagery on rugby players?

Answer 10

More self-confidence and increased facilitation of anxiety

Question 11

What was the effect of MGM on badminton players?

Answer 11

Increased self-confidence

Question 12

What are the determinants of imagery ability?

Answer 12

Controllability 
Accuracy 
Duration 
Ease 
Vividness

Question 13

What is the VVIQ?

Answer 13

Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire

Question 14

According to Sampont et al., was there any difference between old and young people in regard to their imagery ability?

Answer 14

Duration (chronometric test) and vividness (KVIQ) were the same
Young people had significantly higher controllability (finger-thumb opposition task) of their imagery
Most important finding: there was lots of variation in results for both ages