Lecture 8- Behaviour modification

Question 1

Principles of feedback and reinforcement

Answer 1

Feedback, reinforcement and punishment are behaviour modification approaches that coaches, teachers and exercise leaders use to direct behaviour and help participants and exercise leaders use to direct behaviour and help participants develop motivation, commitment and desired skills

Question 2

Fundamental assumption

Answer 2

Behaviour is determined by its consequences

B=f (???)

B=f(px E)

Question 3

Feedback

Answer 3

Information about a behaviour or the consequences pf a behaviour

Question 4

Why is feedback important

Answer 4

1- It is necessary if learning is to occur

2-It influences the performance of well-learned skills (by acting as an incentive)

3-It affects psychological variables such as motivation self confidence, stress and state anxiety

Question 5

How does feedback influence behaviour: Informational function

Answer 5

Feedback informs person what should and should not be done

Question 6

How does feedback influence behaviour: Motivational function

Answer 6

Feedback increases effort and intensity thru incentives and rewards for goal accomplishment

Question 7

A type of feedback is…

Answer 7

Reinforcement

Question 8

Reinforcement is

Answer 8

Any reward, praise or event that increases the frequency or strength of a behaviour

Question 9

Positive reinforcement

Answer 9

Contingent use of rewards/reinforcers to increase the frequency of a particular behaviour (e.g increasing praise when a skill/drill is done correctly)

Question 10

Negative reinforcement

Answer 10

Contingent withdrawal of a negative stimulus to increase the frequency of a particular behaviour (e.g withdrawing criticism when drill/skill is done correctly)

Question 11

Another type of feedback

Answer 11

Punishment

Question 12

Punishement

Answer 12

Applications of a negative stimulus (e.g pain, criticism) or the removal of something positive (e.g opportunity to play, praise) in order to decrease the frequency of a particular behaviour

Question 13

Punishment does not necessarily

Answer 13

eliminate a behaviour it may only temporarily reduce the rate of the behaviour

Question 14

Basic assumption of behaviour modification

Answer 14

Behaviour is controlled by its consequences -> perception

Question 15

If a behaviour is followed by a reinforcer, it is more likely to

Answer 15

occur again under similar conditions (situation-specific)

Question 16

the behaviour need to be able to connect

Answer 16

the dots

• Need to connect and make sense
• If it is not connected then it is most likely not going to make sense in the receivers mind

Question 17

Behavioural modification programmes have successfully

Answer 17

• increase the pace of learning
• Increased productivity
• Improved sportsmanship

Question 18

Guidlines for use of reinforcement

Answer 18

1- Selecting the behavoiur to be increased
2-Choosing an effective reinforcer
3- Applying reinforcement: immediate & contingent

Question 19

Select reinforcers that

Answer 19

a) are readily available (or easy to use)

b) can be used immediately following the desired behaviour

c)Can be used over and over again without losing their meaning /effect

d)do not require a great deal of time to consume