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SPEX204 > Lecture 19-Group Dynamics in sport & Exercise > Flashcards

Lecture 19-Group Dynamics in sport & Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction to groups

Many sport activities involve..
Even individual sports have….
Exercise is often…..

A

Many sport activities involve groups or teams
Even individual sports have team competitions
Exercise is often a group activity

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2
Q

Many sport activities involve groups or teams examples

A

Netball, rugby, cricket, softball, hockey etc

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3
Q

Even individual sports have team competitions

A

Swimming, track and field and tennis

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4
Q

Exercise is often a group activity

A

Aerobics, gym classes, running group

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5
Q

What is a group

A

A group is a collection of individuals who have relations to one another that make them interdependent to come significant degree

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6
Q

Why is the SPEX204 class not a group

A

Because not everyone talks to eachother

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7
Q

Key requirements of a group

A

a)Interaction
b)Mutual awareness
c)Interdependence
d)Continuity over time

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8
Q

Continuity

A

Not everyone plays every time but over time everyone plays at some point

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9
Q

Important question

A

How to maximise group/team performance?

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10
Q

How to maximise group/team performance?

A

Not just about picking the best players

“this team looks good on paper”
There is sometimes a group dynamic that can help dynamics or hurt dynamics

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11
Q

Need to consider the …. as well as …. ability in order to understand group performance

A

Need to consider the process as well as individual ability in order to understand group performance

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12
Q

what is an important factor in a group

A

Team cohesion (teamwork and team spirit)

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13
Q

Actual productivity is equal to

A

Potentially productivity - losses due to faulty process

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14
Q

Actual proModel of group performance

A

Not scientifically complicated -But it explains why good teams on paper dont perform on the day

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15
Q

Actual productivity

A

What the group actually does (ie. performance)

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16
Q

Potential productivity

A

Groups Best possible performance given the resources relevant to the task and the demands of that task

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17
Q

Process

A

Everything the group does while transforming its resources into a product (ie. performance)

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18
Q

Faulty process:

A

The ineffective use of available resources to meet task demands

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19
Q

What are two aspects of faulty process

A

Coordination losses: e.g poor timing, teamwork and strategy

Motivation losses: Occur when some or all members of the team/group lack effort and desire

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20
Q

Reducing faulty process

A

Coach or leaders role to develop and practice organisational strategies that reduce coordination losses and maintain optimal motivation levels

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21
Q

What are the sayings that go with ‘Group process and team performance’

A

“there is no I in Team”
“A chain is only as strong as its weakest link”sum of the whole is greater than its parts”

22
Q

So are these types of sayings correct?

A

Ringelmann effect

23
Q

Ringelmann effect

A

Average individual performance decreases with increases in group size

24
Q

Average performance decreased with increased group size=

A

Harder to reach potential

25
Q

Ingham et al study is a ….

A

replication and extension of ringelmann study

26
Q

what does the Ingham et al study find

A

More control to decisde if “losses” were either “coordination” or “motivation” losses

27
Q

In the rope pull task (tug o war) found Average individual performance ….. to….% in 3 person groups, …….% in 6 person groups.

A

Decreased
85%
78%

28
Q

Faulty process: Overall conclusion

A

Although coordination links increase a group size increases; Ringelmann is not due to coordination losses

29
Q

Decreases in individual average performance are due to motivational losses ->

A

Social loafing

30
Q

Social loafing

A

(loafing=lazy)
- Reduced individual effort when performing as part of a group

31
Q

If identidiability of idividual performance is lost in a group performance, performances decrease because of …..

A

Diffusion of responsibility and lack of accountability

32
Q

…… can decrease social loafing then social initiatives can increase individual effort in groups

A

Monitoring Individual performances

33
Q

Implications for teams /exercise groups

1.Individual skill performance is…..

A

Not the only factor for selection

34
Q

Implications for teams /exercise groups

2.Need to establish

A

Specific group and individual goals

35
Q

Implications for teams /exercise groups

  1. Need to give performance……
A

feedback and reinforcement related to team goals and individual goals

36
Q

Implications for teams /exercise groups

4.Need to give individual recognition

A

Emphasise individuals specific role in team effort- use video replays

37
Q

Definition of Cohesion
Coaches refer to cohesion as…

A

Coaches refer to cohesion as team-unity, team spirit and teamwork

38
Q

Many sportspeople assume that cohesiveness is

A

directly linked to team success

39
Q

Carrons model of cohesion

A

A dynamic process which reflects the tendency for a group to stick together while pursuing its goals and objectives

40
Q

This ephasizes the dynamic of cohesion:->

A

It is constantly changing in response to group goals and response to both individual and group, and the resolution of those conflicts

41
Q

There are at least two distinct and independent dimensions associated with team cohesion

A

Social and task cohesion

42
Q

Social cohesion (interpersonal attraction)

A

Reflects the degree to which the members of a team like each other and enjoy each others company -> teamspirit

43
Q

Task cohesion

A

Reflects the degree to which members of a team work together to achieve a specific and identifiable task -> teamwork

44
Q

Traditional assumption of cohesiveness is

A

Directly related to team success

45
Q

Traditional assumption its not as straightforward as that

Positive Relationships have been found in the studies of….

Negative Relationships were found in some studies….

A

Ice hockey teams
Basketball teams

Rowing team
Bowling teams (ten pin)

46
Q

If we look at the task structure and demands of these teams we are provided with a possible clue as to why these results have been obtained

A

Task structure/ types of team

47
Q

Task structure/ types of team

A

1) Independence
ii)Coactive dependence
iii)Reactive and proactive dependence
iv)Interactive dependence

48
Q

Independence

A

Coordinated action required for performance success (e.g Archery)

49
Q

Coactive dependence

A

Members perform similar tasks simultaneously for team effectiveness (e.g rowing)

50
Q

Reactive and proactive dependence

A

One member initiates action; another completed the action (e.g softball pitcher)

51
Q

Interactive Dependence

A

Members mutually dependent on each other for successful performance (e.g basketball, hockey)

52
Q

Cohesions and….. effect one another

A

Cohesion and performance success

SPEX204 (23 decks)

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