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FA1 Bacteriology > Lecture 8 9/26/23 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 9/26/23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of Corynebacterium spp.?

A

-gram-pos., pleomorphic, aerobic rods
-lipid-rich cell wall
-survive in macrophages
-cause pyogenic/pyogranulomatous infections
-commensals of mucus membranes and skin

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2
Q

What disease is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

diphtheria

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3
Q

What disease is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats

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4
Q

What is the virulence factor of C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

-exotoxin, phospholipase D

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

-bact. replication in phagocytic cells
-inflammation and abscesses
-worsening disease with increasing age

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6
Q

How does caseous lymphadenitis more commonly present in goats?

A

external form

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7
Q

How does caseous lymphadenitis more commonly present in sheep?

A

internal form

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8
Q

How do caseous lymphadenitis lesions appear in sheep?

A

distinctive, lamellated “onion skin”

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9
Q

How do caseous lymphadenitis lesions appear in goats?

A

soft, pasty, “cheesy,” less organized abscess

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10
Q

How is C. pseudotuberculosis diagnosed in an external presentation?

A

aerobic culture of pus from abscess

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11
Q

How is C. pseudotuberculosis diagnosed in an internal presentation?

A

-radiography/ultrasound
-serology using SHI test with paired titers to detect phospholipase D exotoxin

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12
Q

Why is a false negative possible when testing for internal C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

abscesses may wall off and not be accessible

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13
Q

What are the treatment options for C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

-not curable
-lance and drain abscesses
-surgical excision
-intralesional antibiotics

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14
Q

How is C. pseudotuberculosis controlled?

A

-biosecurity practices
-culling
-hygiene and management
-vaccination

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15
Q

How does C. pseudotuberculosis present in horses?

A

-pigeon fever with development of chest lump
-causes ulcerative lymphangitis after entering through skin abrasions

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16
Q

What bacteria fall into the Corynebacterium renale group?

A

-C. renale
-C. cystiditis
-C. pilosum

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of the C. renale group?

A

-commensals of the urogenital tract
-cause bovine pyelonephritis and other urogenital/kidney infections

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18
Q

Which Corynebacterium species can infect lab animals?

A

-C. kutscheri
-C. bovis

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Rhodococcus equi?

A

-gram-pos., aerobic, rods or coccobacilli
-facultative intracellular
-intra-macrophage survival
-causes pyogranulomatous inflammation
-opportunistic

20
Q

What are the characteristics of R. equi disease?

A

-serious cause of pneumonia in foals
-slow and progressive
-affects multiple body systems
-can be zoonotic for immunocompromised individuals

21
Q

How can R. equi be diagnosed?

A

-cytology
-CBC/serum chem.
-thoracic rads
-culture
-PCR

22
Q

How is R. equi treated?

A

combo of macrolide antibiotic and rifampin

23
Q

What is important about R. equi prevention?

A

there is no available vaccine

24
Q

What are the general characteristics of Nocardia spp.?

A

-pleomorphic and gram-pos.
-facultative intracellular
-pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals

25
Q

What is important about Nocardia mastitis?

A

-antibiotic treatment is not successful
-infected cows must be removed from herd or culled

26
Q

What is unique about the exudate in wound infections caused by Nocardia spp.?

A

sulphur granules can be found within the exudate

27
Q

How can Norcardia spp. be diagnosed?

A

-acid-fast stain
-gram stain
-aerobic culture
-histopath.

28
Q

How are Norcardia spp. treated?

A

-trimethoprim/sulfa
-aminoglycoside/carbapenem combo

29
Q

What are the general characteristics of Actinomyces spp.?

A

-normal flora of oral cav.
-aerobic, anaerobic, or capnophilic depending on species
-source of many antibiotics

30
Q

What are the characteristics of Actinomyces disease?

A

-chronic infections associated with mouth and bite injuries
-lesions contain sulfur granules
-pyogenic response

31
Q

What disease is caused by Actinomyces bovis?

A

pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis/lumpy jaw

32
Q

How does Actinomyces hordeovulneris infect hunting dogs?

A

when fox tail grasses penetrate the animal and introduce the bacterium

33
Q

How are Actinomyces spp. diagnosed?

A

-micro. examination
-gram-stain
-aerobic and anaerobic culture

34
Q

How are actinomyces spp. treated?

A

-penicillin
-surgical excision of foreign bodies

35
Q

What are the characteristics of Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

-aerobic, gram-pos
-filamentous/branching
-infectious motile spores
-tram track appearance
-spores attracted to moist, damaged skin

36
Q

What diseases are caused by Dermatophilus congolensis?

A

-rain scald in horses
-strawberry foot rot in cattle
-epidermal abscess diseases

37
Q

How is D. congolensis diagnosed?

A

-micro. demonstration of tram track appearance
-culture
-PCR

38
Q

How is D. congolensis treated and controlled?

A

-proper treatment with penicillin or tetracycline
-isolation of infected animals

39
Q

What are the characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes?

A

-pleomorphic and aerobic
-important opportunistic pathogen in ruminants and swine
-caused chronic purulent infections

40
Q

How is T. pyogenes diagnosed?

A

aerobic culture

41
Q

How is T. pyogenes treated?

A

penicillin

42
Q

What is important about T. pyogenes control?

A

no vaccine available

43
Q

What are the characteristics of Actinobaculum suis?

A

-anaerobic
-commensal in prepucial mucosa
-sexually transmitted
-causes porcine cystitis and pyelonephritis

FA1 Bacteriology (21 decks)

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