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FA1 Bacteriology > Lecture 19 11/13/23 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 11/13/23 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can fungi be found?

A

-practically everywhere in the environment
-skin and mucous membranes

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2
Q

What are the general characteristics of fungi?

A

-free-living eukaryotes
-majority are saprophytes and non-pathogens
-heterotrophs
-most reproduce asexually
-cell membrane contains sterols
-plant-like cell wall

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3
Q

What is the unicellular form of fungi?

A

yeast

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4
Q

What is the multicellular form of fungi?

A

mold

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5
Q

What structures are found in mold?

A

-hyphae
-fruiting bodies containing spores

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6
Q

What is a mycelium?

A

groups of tangled hyphae

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7
Q

What are the visual characteristics of yeast?

A

-opaque, creamy, and smooth
-round single cells that undergo budding

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8
Q

What are the visual characteristics of mold?

A

-woolly/fluffy colonies
-hyphae/tube-like structures intermeshed

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9
Q

What are dimorphic fungi?

A

fungi exhibiting characteristics of both yeast and molds

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10
Q

What are the two fungi classifications based on hyphae arrangement?

A

-septate (septa dividing the hyphae)
-non-septate

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11
Q

What are the potential pigmentations of hyphae?

A

-dark pigmented (dematiaceous)
-non-pigmented (hyaline)

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12
Q

What are the general characteristics of fungal infections?

A

-invade tissue and induce pathogenic effects
-opportunistic
-cause chronic, granulomatous infections
-antimicrobials are limited

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13
Q

What is mycotoxicosis?

A

fungal contamination of food material, leading to toxin accumulation and severe disease if ingested

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14
Q

What happens when fungal spores are inhaled?

A

hypersensitivity/allergic reaction

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15
Q

What is a superficial infection?

A

infection limited to outermost skin/hair layers

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16
Q

What is a cutaneous infection?

A

-infection extending deeper into dermis
-invasive hair and nail diseases

17
Q

What is a subcutaneous infection?

A

infection involving the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle, and fascia

18
Q

What is a systemic infection?

A

infection originating in lung that spreads to many other organs

19
Q

How can fungi be diagnosed?

A

-cytology
-histopath.
-wet mounts
-Beta D-glucan assay
-agar gel immunodiffusion
-ELISA
-culture and ID
-PCR

20
Q

What are the characteristics of a calcofluor stain?

A

-requires UV microscope
-stain binds to chitin in fungal cell walls

21
Q

What are the characteristics of fungal culture?

A

-requires special media and growth conditions
-best grown at ambient environmental temps
-aerobic

22
Q

Which media can be used for fungal culture?

A

-Sabouraud Dextrose agar
-Sabouraud Dextrose agar w/ Cycloheximide
-Dermatophyte test media

23
Q

How can fungi be definitively identified following culture?

A

-DNA probes/sequencing
-serotyping
-mating studies
-virulence testing

24
Q

What is the Beta D-glucan assay?

A

general screening of invasive fungal disease

25
Q

What is the latex agglutination test?

A

qualitative/semi-quantitative test for detection of capsular polysaccharide antigens in serum or CSF

26
Q

Which fungus can the latex agglutination test identify?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

27
Q

Which fungal species can be detected using antigen detection tests?

A

-histoplasma
-blastomyces
-coccidioides
-aspergillus
-cryptococcus

28
Q

Which anti-fungal drugs inhibit ergosterol?

A

-polyenes
-azoles
-allylamines

29
Q

Which anti-fungal drug inhibits nucleic acid synthesis?

A

flucytosine

30
Q

Which anti-fungal drug binds to mitotic spindles and inhibits mitosis?

A

griseofulvin

31
Q

What are the characteristics of fungal infection immunity?

A

-cell-mediated
-antibodies produced but not protective
-most lesions are granulomatous

FA1 Bacteriology (21 decks)

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