Lecture 14 10/24/23 Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of Pasteurella multocida?
-several serotypes based on capsular antigens
-extracellular
-causes suppurative/purulent infections
-main virulence factor is Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT)
What are the characteristics of P. multocida in cattle?
-type B2 and E2
-hemorrhagic septicemia
-not seen in US
-high morbidity/mortality
-resp. distress and edematous swelling
-fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-part of bovine resp. disease complex
What are the characteristics of P. multocida in birds?
-causes fowl cholera
-high morbidity and mortality
-mature birds more susceptible
What are the characteristics of P. multocida in pigs?
-causes atrophic rhinitis
-nasal turbinate atrophy and facial deformity
-in conjunction with B. bronchiseptica
How do B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida work together to cause atrophic rhinitis?
-dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) of B. bronchiseptica inhibits osteoblast differentiation
-PMT of P. multocida increases osteoclast activity and reduces osteoblast activity
What disease can P. multocida cause in young pigs?
piglet pneumonia
What are the characteristics of P. multocida in rabbits?
-type A
-resp. tract infections
How is P. multocida diagnosed?
-culture
-PCR
-serology
Which antimicrobials are used to treat P. multocida?
-tetracyclines
-sulfonamides
-penicillin
-tiamulin
-enrofloxacin
What is important about treating P. multocida infections in food animals?
must used approved antibiotics and follow appropriate withdrawal times
How can P. multocida be prevented?
-proper management
-vaccines for pigs and cattle
What are the characteristics of P. multocida-infected animal bites?
-can lead to abscess, septicemia, pneumonia, and endocarditis
-treat with penicillin
-do not wait for AST
What are the characteristic of Mannheimia haemolytica?
-most frequent bacterial agent associated with bovine resp. disease complex
-major virulence factor is leukotoxin
What does leukotoxin do?
form pores in white blood cells
What is the disease of importance caused by M. haemolytica?
bacterial pneumonia
How is M. haemolytica diagnosed?
-aerobic culture
-necropsy and histopath.
How is M. haemolytica treated?
-antimicrobials
-limited options for food animals
How is M. hemolytica controlled?
-proper management
-vaccines
-potential for metaphylaxis
Which species can be infected by Biberstenia trehalosi?
sheep and goats
What disease is caused by Riemerella anatipestifer?
new duck disease; septicemia and severe polyserositis
What are the general characteristics of Haemophilus and Histophilus species?
-commensals of mucosa
-fastidious
What are the characteristics of H. parasuis?
-commensal in pigs
-spreads from sows to piglets
-causes Glasser’s disease
-polyserositis, polysynovitis, and meningitis
How is H. parasuis diagnosed?
-necropsy and histopath.
-culture
-PCR
How is H. parasuis treated?
-ceftiofur
-pleuromutins
-macrolides
How is H. parasuis prevented?
-vaccination
-controlled exposure
What is unique about H. parasuis immunity?
it is serotype specific
What disease is caused by H. somni?
thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle
What is the pathognomonic sign of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis?
-multiple areas of hemorrhage and necrosis in the brain
-thrombi formation in blood vessels (leukocytes, fibrin, and bacteria)
How is H. somni diagnosed?
-necropsy and histopath.
-culture
How is H. somni prevented?
-metaphylaxis using ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol
-bacterin vaccination
What are the characteristics of Avibacterium paragallinarum?
-causes infectious/fowl coryza
-increased susceptibility with age
-swelling around eyes, oculonasal discharge, swollen wattles, and diarrhea are signs
What are the characteristics of Actinobacillus lignieresii?
-causes wooden tongue in ruminants
-masses in tongue and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis
-affects soft tissue
What are the characteristics of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?
-highly infectious in swine
-associated with other bacterial/viral infections
-young pigs
-acute necrohemorrhagic pleuropneumonia
-can have chronic presentation
What are the characteristics of Actinobacillus equuli?
-sleepy foal disease
-septicemic neonatal disease
-purulent arthritis and nephritis
What does Actinobacillus seminis cause?
epididymitis in rams
What does actinobacillus suis cause?
septicemia and embolic disease in swine
How are Actinobacillus sp. treated?
antimicrobials and supportive care
How are Actinobacillus sp. controlled?
-good management
-proper nutrition
-reduction of handling stress
-barrier maintenance/hygiene
-vx
Which Bordetella sp. are seen in which species?
-B. bronchiseptica: dogs and other hosts
-B. avium: poultry
-B. pertussis: humans
-B. parapertussis: humans and sheep
What disease is caused by B. pertussis?
whooping cough
What tissue is preferred by Bordetella sp.?
ciliated epithelium of resp. tract
What are the characteristics of B. bronchiseptica?
-causes kennel cough in dogs
-causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs
-produces dermonecrotic toxin
What disease is caused by B. avium?
turkey coryza
How are Bordetella sp. diagnosed?
-culture
-PCR
-serology
How are Bordetella sp. treated?
-isolation
-antimicrobials
How are Bordetella sp. controlled?
-isolation
-minimizing risk
-vaccination
-cleaning/disinfection
-barrier protection
