Lecture 11 10/17/23 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of Mycoplasma?
-smallest free living bacteria
-mollicutes
-no cell wall
-obligate parasites of mucus membranes
-colonize ciliated epithelium
-fastidious
-need close contact with carriers for transmission
How does not having a cell wall contribute to Mycoplasma characteristics?
-no gram staining capability
-pleomorphic/not rigid
-susceptible to drying
-not susceptible to cell wall targeting antimicrobials
What are the characteristics of M. mycoides mycoides?
-most virulent Mycoplasma in cattle
-causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
-reportable
How does an M. mycoides mycoides infection appear and why?
-extensive consolidation with marbled appearance
-due to interlobular septa and fibrinopurulent exudate
What are the characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis?
-causes upper resp. disease
-common in cattle with feedlot pneumonia
-causes arthritis
Which species can cause mycoplasma mastitis?
-M. bovis
-M. californicum
-M. canadense
-M. alkalescens
-M. bovigenitalium
Which disease is caused by M. capricolum capripneumoniae?
contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
What is important about M. capricolum capripneumoniae?
it is a reportable disease
Which disease is caused by M. agalactiae?
contagious agalactia of sheep and goats
What other mycoplasma species are important in sheep and goats?
-M. capricolum capricolum
-M. mycoides mycoides
-M. mycoides capri
-M. ovipneumoniae
Which disease is caused by M. hypopneumoniae in swine?
enzootic pneumonia
Which other mycoplasma species are important in swine?
-M. hyorhinis
-M. hyosynoviae
-M. suis
What is enzootic pneumonia?
chronic resp. disease resulting in anteroventral bronchopneumonia
Which mycoplasma species in poultry are reportable?
-M. gallisepticum
-M. synoviae
What type of disease does M. gallisepticum cause?
chronic resp. disease
What type of disease does M. synoviae cause?
synovitis
Which other two mycoplasma species are important in poultry?
-M. meleagridis
-M. iowae
Which mycoplasma species are important in cats?
-M. felis
-M. gatae
Which mycoplasma species is important in horses?
M. felis
Which mycoplasma species is important in dogs?
M. canis
Which mycoplasma species is important in lab animals?
M. pulmonis
What are the characteristics of M. felis infection in horses?
-mild lower airway disease
-causes pleural effusion
-predisposes to secondary infection with S. zooepidemicus and anaerobes
How can mycoplasma be diagnosed?
-specialized culture techniques looking for “fried egg” microcolonies
-PCR or MALDI TOF
-serology
How can mycoplasma be treated?
antimicrobials (macrolides, tetracyclines, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones)
Which antibiotics CANNOT be used against mycoplasma sp.?
beta lactams (cell wall active)
How can mycoplasma species be controlled?
-test and cull
-biosecurity
-vaccination
What are hemotrophic mycoplasma species?
mycoplasma sp. that infect RBCs
Which hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. is important in cats?
M. hemofelis (infectious anemia)
Which hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. is important in swine?
M. hemosuis
Which hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. are important in dogs?
-M. hemocanis
-M. haemoominutum
How are hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. diagnosed?
-CBC
-Coombs test
-microscopic detection in blood smear
-PCR
How are hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. treated?
-antimicrobials (doxycycline and fluoroquinolone)
-blood transfusion
-corticosteroids
-IV glucose
How are hemotrophic mycoplasma sp. controlled?
-isolate and treat
-control invertebrate vectors
-test blood donors
-culling
What are the characteristics of L forms?
-cell-wall-deficient strains
-lack cell walls
-no gram staining
-not susceptible to cell wall active antimicrobials
-can be any species of bact. under stress
