Lecture 3 9/1/23 Flashcards
What is the most important infection control measure on a pathogen level?
hand hygiene
What are the two types of infection control in the host?
-nonspecific/innate
-specific/adaptive
What is passive immunization?
administration of antibodies
What is active immunization/vaccination?
administration of components of a pathogen to induce host immune response
What are vaccines?
harmless components of infectious agents that induce a specific defense response without having to go through disease process
What are the types of vaccines?
-inactivated
-live-attenuated
-recombinant
-toxoid
-vector
-mRNA
What aspects of environment are important for infection control?
-water
-soil
-air
-food
-vectors
-fomites
What is decontamination?
reduction of pathogenic organisms to “safe” levels
What is disinfection?
elimination of most microorganisms, excluding spores
What is sterilization?
a validated process use to render a product free of nearly all forms of organisms, including spores
What are antimicrobials?
drugs that destroy microbes, prevent multiplication/growth, or prevent pathogenic effects
What is the antimicrobial definition?
any substance of natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origin that kills/inhibits the growth of microorganisms while causing little/no harm to hsot
What is the antibiotic definition?
substance produced by one microorganism that kills/inhibits other microorganisms
How are antimicrobial agents classified?
-chemical family structure
-mode of action
-type of activity
-spectrum of activity
Why is it important to know which bacteria are resistant to treatment?
it informs decisions regarding the avoidance of inappropriate/ineffective therapies
What are the different modes of action for antimicrobials?
-targeting cell wall/cell membrane
-targeting nucleic acid synthesis
-targeting protein synthesis
What are broad spectrum antimicrobials?
active against both gram pos. and gram neg. bacteria
What are narrow spectrum antimicrobials?
limited activity, usually only useful against one particular class
What are bactericidals?
kill bacteria
What are bacteriostatics?
inhibit bacteria
Why use antibiotics in animals?
-reduce pain/suffering
-protect livelihood/animal resources
-assurance of continued food production
-prevention/minimization of zoonotic bacteria in environment/food supply
-containment of potentially large-scale epidemics
What must be known in order to use antimicrobials for therapy?
-how the drugs work
-whether the drug will work for the specific microbe
-which drugs will work best for the patient’s and client’s needs/limitations
What are non-therapeutic uses for antibiotics?
-growth promotion in meat industry
-prophylaxis/prevention
-metaphylaxis/control
