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SP1 Parasitology > Lecture 8 2/8/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 2/8/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of Ascaroidea?

A

-large, stout worms
-in the small intestine
-three conspicuous anterior end lips

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of Ascaroidea eggs?

A

-eggs have a thick albuminous shell
-long persistence in environment
-shell is sticky and allows eggs to stick to surfaces
-eggs shed in feces unembryonated and must embryonate to become infectious

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the Ascarid lifecycle?

A

-typically direct
-may use paratenic hosts
-migrate to liver, heart, lungs, etc.
-disease mostly in young animals
-older animals may shed without disease

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of Ascaris suum?

A

-DH is swine
-male is 15-28 cm
-female is 25-40 cm
-eggs are 50-75x40-50 um
-PPP is 7-9 weeks

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis associated with adult Ascaris suum?

A

-interference with nutrition
-can block intestine

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6
Q

What is the pathogenesis associated with A. suum larval liver migration?

A

-mechanical damage
-hypersensitivity and “milk spots”
-liver condemnations

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis associated with A. suum larval lung migration?

A

-mechanical damage
-allergic inflammation

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8
Q

What pulmonary pathology leads to the clinical signs of Ascaris suum?

A

-inflammatory reaction
-pulmonary tissue destruction/hemorrhage
-infiltration of eosinophils
-collagen production
-fibrosis

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Ascaris suum?

A

-poor doer
-diarrhea
-resp. signs/cough
-mechanical destruction of small intestine/impaction
-icterus
-perforated intestine and death
-condemnation of liver

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10
Q

What is the human health concern associated with Ascaris suum?

A

can fully develop within the human

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11
Q

Which parasiticide cannot be used against roundworms?

A

praziquantel

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Parascaris spp.?

A

-DH is horses/equidae
-males are 15-28 cm
-females are 18-50 cm
-eggs are 90-100 um
-PPP is 12 weeks

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13
Q

Which type of migration is more severe with Parascaris spp., lung or liver?

A

lung migration

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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis associated with adult Parascaris spp.?

A

-enteritis
-perforation of the gut
-intestinal blockage

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis associated with larval Parascaris spp.?

A

-liver spots
-lung disease:
–eosinophilic lung disease
–permanent scarring

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Parascaris spp.?

A

-resp. disease with fever, cough, and nasal discharge
-lethargy
-rough hair coat
-poor weight gain
-decreased performance
-diarrhea
-colic
-pot-belly

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17
Q

What are the steps for prevention of Parascaris?

A

-wash mares before foaling
-feed young animals from containers
-do not graze foals with weanlings
-do not graze foals on pasture contaminated by previous foals

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of Parascaris treatment regimen?

A

-begin treatment in foals by 2 months
-repeat treatment every 2 months until foals are 6 months of age and FEC is neg.

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Parascaris infection and age?

A

-seen mostly in foals and yearlings
-not clinically significant in adults
-rarely significant numbers in mature horses

20
Q

What are the characteristics of Ascarid impaction?

A

-may be a consequence of therapeutic deworming in young horses
-using a paralytic drug can paralyze all the worms and lead to impaction
-need to do partial treatments to clear out worms

21
Q

Is there a human health concern associated with Parascaris spp.?

A

no

22
Q

What are the general characteristics of Toxocara canis?

A

-DH is dogs and wild canidae
-possible paratenic hosts
-males are 4-10 cm
-females are 5-18 cm
-eggs are 90x75 um

23
Q

What are the general characteristics of Toxocara cati?

A

-DH is cats and wild felidae
-males are 3-7 cm
-females are 4-12 cm
-eggs are 65-75 um

24
Q

What are the general characteristics of Toxascaris spp.?

A

-very short maturation period
-mice as paratenic host
-DH is cats and dogs
-males are 2-7 cm
-females are 2-10 cm
-eggs are 75-85x60-75 um

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the Toxocara canis life cycle?

A

-eggs are ingested
-larvae migrate through liver, lungs, and small intestine
-larvae can arrest in tissues and reactivate during pregnancy

26
Q

What are the characteristics of transplacental and transmammary transmission in Toxocara canis?

A

transplacental:
-arrested larvae in bitch migrate into puppy after 42nd day
-found in liver and lungs of puppies
transmammary:
-not significant

27
Q

How is Toxocara canis diagnosed?

A

fecal float

28
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Toxocara canis?

A

-resp. signs
-diarrhea and vomiting
-pot belly
-unthrifty/failure to gain weight
-poor hair coat
-abdominal pain/crying out

29
Q

Which animals contribute the most to environmental Toxocara canis contamination?

A

animals less than 6 months of age

30
Q

How can transplacental transmission of Toxocara canis be prevented?

A

treatment of mother with fenbendazole or ivermectin prior to birth and through lactation

31
Q

What are the characteristics of visceral larva migrans?

A

-humans are accidental host
-larvae in liver, brain or skeletal muscle
-potential for larvae to enter retina and cause ocular larval migrans

32
Q

Which parasites are agents of visceral and ocular larval migrans?

A

-Toxocara canis
-Toxocara cati
-Baylisascaris procyonis

33
Q

What are the characteristics of transplacental and transmammary transmission of Toxocara cati?

A

transmammary:
-only occurs with acute infection of the queen
transplacental:
-does not occur

34
Q

How can the adult Toxocara cati worm be identified?

A

significant size; looks like cobra head

35
Q

How can the Toxascaris egg be identified?

A

-clear internal cytoplasm
-cross-linked “cable” around outside of egg

36
Q

What are the characteristics of Baylisascaris procyonis?

A

-important zoonotic disease
-DH is raccoon and potentially dogs
-males 9-11 cm
-females 20-22 cm
-eggs 70x60 um with golden brown cytoplasm

37
Q

What are the characteristics of neurologic larva migrans caused by Baylisascaris?

A

-larvae go to brain of non-raccoons
-larvae continue to grow, causing mechanical and inflammatory damage
-helps facilitate transmission by making prey more accessible to raccoon

38
Q

What are the general characteristics of the superfamily Oxyuroidea?

A

-medium-sized with slender, sharp-pointed tails
-no buccal capsule
-conspicuous muscular bulb on posterior end of esophagus
-live in posterior large intestine
-thin-shelled, asymmetrical eggs
-direct lifecycle with no migration

39
Q

What are the characteristics of Oxyuris spp.?

A

-DH is horse/equidae
-males 9-12 mm
-females 3-6 cm
-egg 80-100x40-50 um
-PPP 5 months

40
Q

Why are Oxyuris species not typically found in the feces?

A

-female protrudes to lay eggs at night
-eggs adhere to peritoneum
-horse scratches eggs off into environment

41
Q

What are the characteristics of the Oxyuris lifecycle?

A

-adults in cecum and colon
-females travel to rectum and out anus to deposit egg packets on perianal skin
-infective larvae develop in 2-5 days
-ingested eggs hatch in small intestine to produce larvae
-fourth-stage larvae attach to intestine wall

42
Q

What is the main method used to diagnose Oxyuris equi?

A

scotch tape along the perianal skin stuck to a slide

43
Q

What are the characteristics of Enterobius spp.?

A

-DH is people
-adults 8-13 mm
-PPP 15-43 days
-eggs 55 um
-cannot be transmitted from dogs or cats; dogs and cats DO NOT have pinworms

SP1 Parasitology (23 decks)

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