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SP1 Parasitology > Lecture 7 2/2/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 2/2/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of the Strongylida superfamily Metastrongyloidea?

A

-aka lungworms
-males with caudal copulatory bursa
-small buccal cavity
-leave definitive host as larvae in most cases
-usually live in lungs
-mostly indirect life cycles
-migratory in DH

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2
Q

How can Metastrongyloidea be diagnosed?

A

-zinc sulfate fecal flotation
-Baermann test (alive, moving larvae only)

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of Dictyocaulus spp.?

A

-actually a Trichostrongyle
-aka large lungworm
-live in airway passages
-DH is cattle, sheep, goats, horses, herbivores
-no IH
-females 50-100 mm
-males 23-80 mm
-L1 300-600 um
-PPP of 3-8 weeks

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4
Q

How do Dictyocaulus spp. utilize Pilobolus fungus?

A

-the fungus will be found on the grass/soil
-larvae will migrate onto fungus
-when sporangium cap explodes off, larvae spread

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5
Q

Which Dictyocaulus spp. infects cattle?

A

D. viviparus

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6
Q

Which Dictyocaulus spp. infects sheep and goats?

A

D. filaria

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7
Q

Which Dictyocaulus spp. infects equids?

A

D. arnfieldi

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8
Q

What is important about the various Dictyocaulus spp.?

A

there is no cross-infection between different DHs

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of D. viviparus in cattle?

A

-coughing
-moderate to severe dyspnea
-loud breath sounds
-fever

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Muellerius spp.?

A

-aka hair lungworm
-IH is snails and slugs
-DH is sheep and goats
-male 11-14 mm
-female 19-23 mm
-L1 250-300 um
-PPP of 6 weeks

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11
Q

How can Muellerius spp. be identified?

A

kinked tail with dorsal spine

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12
Q

Where are Muellerius spp. found in the lungs?

A

deeply embedded in lung parenchyma or in reactive nodules

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

A

-aka meningeal worm - not a lungworm
-IH is snails and slugs
-DH is white tailed deer
-abnormal hosts include sheep, goats, alpacas, llamas, horses, cattle, moose
-males and females 6-15 cm
-L1 300-400 um
-L1 with dorsal spine on kinked tail
-PPP of 3 months

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Parelaphostrongylus diagnosis/treatment/prevention?

A

-larvae only shed in white tail deer feces; cannot be used to diagnose abnormal hosts
-cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia suggestive of infection in abnormal hosts
-can find worms in brain/spinal cord post-mortem
-treatment only effective before neurologic signs
-want to keep deer/snails out of pasture

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Aelurostrongylus spp.?

A

-aka feline lungworm
-IH is snails and slugs
-paratenic hosts are amphibians, birds, reptiles, rodents
-DH is cats
-males 4-6 mm
-females 9-10 mm
-L1 350-400 um
-PPP of 6 weeks

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16
Q

How can Aelurostrongylus spp. be recognized?

A

-adults in pulmonary artery and lung parenchyma
-male with reduced bursa, stubby rays, stout spicules
-vulva close to female tail
-eggs scattered in lung; pass as larvae with wavy tail/spine

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17
Q

Which larval stage is infectious in Aelurostrongylus spp.?

A

L3

18
Q

How can Aelurostrongylus spp. be diagnosed?

A

-larvae in feces
-tracheal wash
-radiographs

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Aelurostrongylus spp.?

A

-can be subclinical
-mild infection: coughing and anorexia
-severe infection: cough, dyspnea, polypnea, death

20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Aelurostrongylus spp.?

A

-damage lung tissue
-incite inflammatory reaction
-hypertrophy/hyperplasia of smooth muscle in arteries/bronchioles/alveolar ducts
-fibrosis and mineralization of bronchioles

21
Q

What are the characteristics of Filaroides osleri and Filaroides hirthi?

A

-aka dog lungworms
-no IH
-unknown if PH involved
-DH is dogs
-males 4-7 mm
-females 8-12 mm
-L1 is 325-378 um

22
Q

Where do adult Filaroides osleri live?

A

nodules at the tracheal bifurcation

23
Q

Which larval stage is infectious in Filaroides spp.?

A

L1 (only species)

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of Filaroides osleri?

A

-dry cough when exercising
-laryngeal or tracheal massage does not elicit cough
-obstruction of air flow once nodules are enlarged enough

25
Q

Where are adult Filaroides hirthi found?

A

lung parenchyma: alveoli and bronchioles

26
Q

Which dogs often experience Filaroides hirthi?

A

research beagle colonies

27
Q

How does Filaroides hirthi get to the lungs?

A

hepatic-portal system and mesenteric lymph system

28
Q

What is Filaroides hirthi hyperinfection?

A

reinvasion by the larvae passed in the feces in dogs that are immunocompromised

29
Q

What are the clinical signs of Filaroides hirthi?

A

-nonproductive cough
-dyspnea
-exercise intolerance

30
Q

What types of lesions can be seen in the lungs with Filaroides hirthi?

A

-small foci of granulomatous reaction
-tumor-like lesions

31
Q

What are the characteristics of Metastrongylus spp.?

A

-aka swine lungworm
-IH is earthworms
-DH is swine
-males 11-26 mm
-females 28-60 mm
-eggs 45-57 x 38-41 um
-only lungworm that passes eggs instead of larvae in feces
-PPP of 3-4 weeks

32
Q

What are the characteristics of the Metastrongylus spp. lifecycle?

A

-eggs coughed up and swallowed
-eggs passed in feces contain L1 larva
-earthworm eats eggs
-larva develops to L3 in earthworm
-earthworm eaten by pig
-larvae penetrate pig intestinal wall and enter the lymphatic system to go to heart/lungs
-adults reside in bronchi/bronchioles

33
Q

What disease state is seen with Metastrongylus spp. infection?

A

pneumonia and parasitic bronchitis

34
Q

How can Metastrongylus spp. be identified?

A

-females have vulva at posterior end
-elongated and thin
-female uterus contains larvated eggs
-male with two thin elongated spicules
-male with reduced bursa and stubby rays
-found in pulmonary air passages

35
Q

What are the characteristics of Rhabditoidea?

A

-facultative parasites
-most species are free living
-small, thin shelled, larvated eggs
-rhabditiform esophagus in free living adults

36
Q

What are the characteristics of Rhabditis/Pelodera spp.?

A

-facultative parasite
-accidental hosts include dogs, pigs, cattle, rodents, horses, people
-adults 1-1.5 mm
-free-living nematode
-produces folliculitis exposed animals
-larvae found in skin scraping or biopsy

37
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongyloides spp.?

A

-aka intestinal threadworm
-DH is mammals, birds, reptiles
-adult female 2-9 mm
-produces eggs without male: males are not parasitic
-eggs 50x30 um

38
Q

What is unique about the Strongyloides spp. lifecycle?

A

-L3 stage will choose between being parasitic or free-living
-dependent on environment and whether or not it is suitable for non-parasitic life

39
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

-DH is dogs and humans
-PPP of 2-3 weeks
-larvae become sequestered in tissues
-animals infected through milk or auto-infection
-often asymptomatic
-can cause diarrhea and lung disease

40
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongyloides westeri?

A

-causes foal heat diarrhea
-foals infected through transmammary transmission
-develop adults and diarrhea 5-10 days after infection

41
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongyloides ransomi?

A

-seen in pigs
-causes mortality in up to 50% of infected piglets
-causes anorexia, diarrhea, dysentery
-clinical signs and mortality before eggs shed

42
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongyloides papillosus?

A

-seen in ruminants
-can erode intestinal mucosa and cause death
-causes anorexia, diarrhea, anemia
-penetrating larvae cause lesions on feet

SP1 Parasitology (23 decks)

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