Lecture 10 2/15/24 Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of Trichinella spp.?
-found in all carnivores, swine, bear, rodents, people
-adults in small intestine
-larvae in cysts in striated muscle
-host infected by eating encysted L1 larvae in raw meat
-larvae 100-1300 um x 6-40 um
-males 1.4-1.6 mm
-females 3-4 mm
What is unique about encysted larvae in the muscle tissue?
they secrete an enzyme that turns the muscle cell into a nurse cell
What is important about the Trichinella general life cycle?
-direct
-will never find on fecal float
-can be killed with proper cooking or freezing
Which clinical signs of Trichinosis are caused by the adult worms?
-diarrhea
-ulcer-like pain
Which clinical signs of Trichinosis are caused by the larvae?
-fever
-facial swelling/laryngeal paralysis/dysphagia
-trouble breathing
-heart failure
-severe muscle pain
-psychosis
-death
What are the risk factors for Trichinosis?
-eating undercooked meat
-handling raw meat
-feeding uncooked garbage to pigs
-uninspected meat
What are the characteristics of Dioctophymoidea superfamily?
-kidney worm
-stout worms with long cylindrical esophagus
-reduced lips/buccal capsule
-female with single ovary
-male with one spicule and terminal sucker
-indirect lifecycle
-migrate in DH
What are the characteristics of Dioctophymoidea eggs?
-deeply sculptures or pitted
-polar plugs
-found in urine sediment
What are the characteristics of Dioctophyma spp.?
-giant kidney worm
-IH is aquatic annelids
-DH is dogs/canidae, felidae, bears, mink
-infected right kidney
-PH includes fish/frogs/crayfish
-males 35cmx4mm
-females75-100cmx1cm
-eggs 60-80x40-50 um
-PPP 3 months to 1 year
What are the clinical signs of Dioctophyma spp.?
-dysuria
-hematuria
-lumbar pain
-potentially asymptomatic
What clinical signs are seen with Dioctophyma spp. in the abdominal cavity?
-liver damage
-peritonitis
What are the prevention/treatment options for Dioctophyma?
avoid raw/undercooked fish
-surgical excision
What are the characteristics of the Spiruroidea superfamily?
-indirect lifecycle
-arthropod IH
-small, thick-shelled, larvated egg
-develops into L3 in arthropod
-males have spirally coiled tail
-found in upper alimentary tract and eyes
What are the characteristics of Physaloptera spp.?
-aka stomach worm
-IH crickets/cockroaches/beetles
-DH cats, dogs, wild canidae/felidae
-PH small mammals and birds
-males 13-45 mm
-females 15-58 mm
-eggs 42-53 x 29-35 um
-PPP 2 months
How can Physaloptera spp. be identified when looking at the worm microscopically?
fireman’s hat appearance/collar at anterior end
What are the clinical signs of Physaloptera spp.?
-vomiting
-anorexia
-gastritis
-ulcers
How can Physaloptera spp. be diagnosed?
-fecal float
-adults in vomitus
-gastroscopy
What are the characteristics of Spirocerca spp.?
-esophageal worm
-IH dung beetles
-DH dogs/wild canidae
-PH amphibians/reptiles/birds/chickens/rodents
-PPP 6 months
-male 3-5 cm
-female 5-8 cm
-eggs 30-37 x 11-15 um
-thick-shelled, larvated, thin, small, paper clip egg
Why is it important that Spirocerca spp. larvae can migrate from intestine to aorta?
can cause aneurysm
Why is it difficult to surgically remove Spirocerca from esophageal nodules?
can lead to esophageal stricture due to scar tissue, causing trouble swallowing
What are the clinical signs of Spirocerca spp.?
-vomiting
-dysphagia
-dyspnea
-weight loss
-GI rupture
-esophageal neoplasia
-aneurysm
-spondylitis
-osteosarcoma
How is Spirocerca lupi diagnosed/treated?
-endoscopy
-eggs in feces
-radiographs
-treated with moxidectin
What are the characteristics of Draschia and Habronema spp.?
-stomach worms
-IH is flies
-DH is horse/equidae
-males 8-13 mm
-females 13-22 mm
-PPP 2 months
When are Draschia and Habronema spp. of importance?
-when flies place larvae on wounds or eyes
-can cause cutaneous lesions and ocular habronemiasis
What are the steps for prevention/treatment of Draschia and Habronema spp.?
-use ivermectin
-may need to excise ocular lesions
-SWAT paste on cutaneous lesions during fly season
What are the characteristics of Thelazia spp.?
-eyeworm
-IH face flies
-DH horses, cattle, sheep, canids, cats, bears, people
-males 8-13 mm
-females 12-21 mm
What are the characteristics of Thelazia spp. prevention/treatment?
-face mask most effective
-many anthelmintics effective
-physical removal/eye flush
