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SP1 Parasitology > Lecture 10 2/15/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 2/15/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of Trichinella spp.?

A

-found in all carnivores, swine, bear, rodents, people
-adults in small intestine
-larvae in cysts in striated muscle
-host infected by eating encysted L1 larvae in raw meat
-larvae 100-1300 um x 6-40 um
-males 1.4-1.6 mm
-females 3-4 mm

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2
Q

What is unique about encysted larvae in the muscle tissue?

A

they secrete an enzyme that turns the muscle cell into a nurse cell

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3
Q

What is important about the Trichinella general life cycle?

A

-direct
-will never find on fecal float
-can be killed with proper cooking or freezing

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4
Q

Which clinical signs of Trichinosis are caused by the adult worms?

A

-diarrhea
-ulcer-like pain

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5
Q

Which clinical signs of Trichinosis are caused by the larvae?

A

-fever
-facial swelling/laryngeal paralysis/dysphagia
-trouble breathing
-heart failure
-severe muscle pain
-psychosis
-death

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for Trichinosis?

A

-eating undercooked meat
-handling raw meat
-feeding uncooked garbage to pigs
-uninspected meat

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Dioctophymoidea superfamily?

A

-kidney worm
-stout worms with long cylindrical esophagus
-reduced lips/buccal capsule
-female with single ovary
-male with one spicule and terminal sucker
-indirect lifecycle
-migrate in DH

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Dioctophymoidea eggs?

A

-deeply sculptures or pitted
-polar plugs
-found in urine sediment

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Dioctophyma spp.?

A

-giant kidney worm
-IH is aquatic annelids
-DH is dogs/canidae, felidae, bears, mink
-infected right kidney
-PH includes fish/frogs/crayfish
-males 35cmx4mm
-females75-100cmx1cm
-eggs 60-80x40-50 um
-PPP 3 months to 1 year

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of Dioctophyma spp.?

A

-dysuria
-hematuria
-lumbar pain
-potentially asymptomatic

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11
Q

What clinical signs are seen with Dioctophyma spp. in the abdominal cavity?

A

-liver damage
-peritonitis

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12
Q

What are the prevention/treatment options for Dioctophyma?

A

avoid raw/undercooked fish
-surgical excision

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the Spiruroidea superfamily?

A

-indirect lifecycle
-arthropod IH
-small, thick-shelled, larvated egg
-develops into L3 in arthropod
-males have spirally coiled tail
-found in upper alimentary tract and eyes

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Physaloptera spp.?

A

-aka stomach worm
-IH crickets/cockroaches/beetles
-DH cats, dogs, wild canidae/felidae
-PH small mammals and birds
-males 13-45 mm
-females 15-58 mm
-eggs 42-53 x 29-35 um
-PPP 2 months

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15
Q

How can Physaloptera spp. be identified when looking at the worm microscopically?

A

fireman’s hat appearance/collar at anterior end

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of Physaloptera spp.?

A

-vomiting
-anorexia
-gastritis
-ulcers

17
Q

How can Physaloptera spp. be diagnosed?

A

-fecal float
-adults in vomitus
-gastroscopy

18
Q

What are the characteristics of Spirocerca spp.?

A

-esophageal worm
-IH dung beetles
-DH dogs/wild canidae
-PH amphibians/reptiles/birds/chickens/rodents
-PPP 6 months
-male 3-5 cm
-female 5-8 cm
-eggs 30-37 x 11-15 um
-thick-shelled, larvated, thin, small, paper clip egg

19
Q

Why is it important that Spirocerca spp. larvae can migrate from intestine to aorta?

A

can cause aneurysm

20
Q

Why is it difficult to surgically remove Spirocerca from esophageal nodules?

A

can lead to esophageal stricture due to scar tissue, causing trouble swallowing

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of Spirocerca spp.?

A

-vomiting
-dysphagia
-dyspnea
-weight loss
-GI rupture
-esophageal neoplasia
-aneurysm
-spondylitis
-osteosarcoma

22
Q

How is Spirocerca lupi diagnosed/treated?

A

-endoscopy
-eggs in feces
-radiographs
-treated with moxidectin

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Draschia and Habronema spp.?

A

-stomach worms
-IH is flies
-DH is horse/equidae
-males 8-13 mm
-females 13-22 mm
-PPP 2 months

24
Q

When are Draschia and Habronema spp. of importance?

A

-when flies place larvae on wounds or eyes
-can cause cutaneous lesions and ocular habronemiasis

25
Q

What are the steps for prevention/treatment of Draschia and Habronema spp.?

A

-use ivermectin
-may need to excise ocular lesions
-SWAT paste on cutaneous lesions during fly season

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Thelazia spp.?

A

-eyeworm
-IH face flies
-DH horses, cattle, sheep, canids, cats, bears, people
-males 8-13 mm
-females 12-21 mm

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Thelazia spp. prevention/treatment?

A

-face mask most effective
-many anthelmintics effective
-physical removal/eye flush

SP1 Parasitology (23 decks)

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