Lecture 3 1/25/24 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of cestodes/tapeworms?
-elongated
-segmented body
-scolex for attachment
-no alimentary canal
-small intestine parasites
-eggs/proglottids passed in feces
-indirect lifecycles
-larval stages are metacestodes
What is the stroblia?
the entire segmented body of a tapeworm
What are proglottids?
the individual body segments of a tapeworm
What is a rostellum?
a ring of pronounced hooks around the anterior end
Where do new proglottids grow from?
the neck of the tapeworm
How do immature and mature proglottids differ?
mature proglottids have distinct sexual organs
What are the characteristics of the cestode order Dypthilodbothriidea?
-aquatic stages of lifecycle
-two I.H.’s
-eggs expelled from proglottid’s midventral pore
-operculated eggs
-bothria/grooves and no suckers
What are the characteristics of Dibothriocephalus latus?
-aka Broad Fish Tapeworm
-D.H. includes dogs, cats, foxes, bears, pigs, seals, walruses, sea lions, humans
-1st I.H. is copepod
-2nd I.H. is fish
-paratenic host can be larger fish
-PPP is 6 weeks
-adult in small intestine
-zoonotic
What are the characteristics of Spirometra spp.?
-D.H. is cat, dog, bobcat, raccoon
-1st I.H. is copepod
-2nd I.H. is frogs, snakes, rodents
-PPP is 10 days
What are the characteristics of Dibothriocephalus/Spirometra pathogenesis?
-adults cause relatively little damage
-plerocercoids can cause damage from migration if ingested by D.H.
-eggs released from pores instead of entire proglottid detaching
-want to avoid raw fish and predation
What are the characteristics of the cestode order Cyclophyllidea?
-terrestrial life cycle stages
-usually one I.H.
-proglottids passed in feces
-lateral genital pores
-suckers for attachment
What are the characteristics of Dipylidium caninum?
-D.H. is dog, cat, human
-I.H. is fleas, lice
-eggs are 40-50 um
-egg packets are 200 um
-PPP is 2-3 weeks
-adults around 50 cm
-zoonotic
What are potential ways to diagnose Dipylidium?
-visualize gravid proglottids in feces or on animal
-visualize egg packets or eggs on fecal float
-observe flea/louse infestation
-observe stroblia in vomit/feces
-subclinical, anal pruritis from moving proglottids
What are the characteristics of Anoplocephala/Paranoplocephala?
-D.H. is equine
-I.H. is pasture mites
-eggs are 50-80 um
-PPP is 1-2 months
What is the appearance of Anoplocephala/Paranoplocephala eggs?
pyriform apparatus is surround by “cytoplasm” and a visible ring
What are the characteristics of Paranoplocephala mamillana?
-found in duodenum
-3.5cmx4mm in size
What are the characteristics of Anoplocephala magna?
-found in ileum
-80cmx2cm in size
What are the characteristics of Anoplocephala perfoliata?
-found in junction of ileocecal valve
-5-8cmx1.5cm in size
What clinical conditions are associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata?
-colic
-mucosal inflammation/ulceration
-ileocecal intussusception
-intestinal perforation
-peritonitis
What are the potential diagnostics for Anoplocephala?
-sugar fecal flotation
-ELISA test - shows history of infection ONLY
How is Anoplocephala treated/controlled?
routine anthelmintic containing praziquantel
What are the characteristics of Moniezia spp.?
-D.H. is cattle, sheep, goats, camelids
-I.H. is pasture mites
-eggs 50-80 um and square
-adults up to 6 meters
-PPP is 1-2 months
-typically no clinical disease
Which family of tapeworms has a mammalian IH?
Taeniidae
Which Taenia spp. have dogs and cats as DH?
-T. pisiformis
-T. taeniaeformis
-T. ovis
-T. hydatigena
What is the size of Taeniidae eggs?
30-40 microns
How does the scolex appear in Taenia pisiformis?
very bold rostellum with hooks
What is a unique feature of Taeniidae?
one genital pore per segment
What are the characteristics of Taenia pisiformis?
-DH is dog
-IH is rabbit
-eggs 30-40 um
-PPP 6-9 weeks
What are the characteristics of Taenia hydatigena?
-DH is dog
-IH is swine, ruminants, deer, moose, other wild ungulates
-economically significant due to hepatitis cysticercosa
-leads to condemnation of livers
What are the characteristics of Taenia ovis?
-DH is dog
-IH is sheep and goats
-found in muscle tissue
-serious economic losses
-sheep vx available
What are the characteristics of Taenia taeniaeformis?
-DH is cat
-IH is rodents
-associated with neoplasms in IH
How are the Taenia spp. found in dogs and cats diagnosed?
-eggs on sugar flotation
-visualization of stroblia or proglottids
What are the clinical signs/pathology of the Taenia spp. seen in dogs and cats?
-subclinical in DH
-space occupying lesions occur in IH
Which cestodes have mammalian hosts and are of human health concern?
-Taenia saginata
-Taenia solium
-Echinococcus granulosous
-Echinococcus multilocularis
What are the characteristics of Taenia saginata?
-aka beef tapeworm
-DH is human
-IH is cattle
What are the characteristics of Taenia solium?
-aka pork tapeworm
-DH is human
-IH is swine and human
-humans get encephalitis when infected with egg
What are the characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus?
-DH is canids
-IH is ruminants, camelids, swine, horses, marsupials, elk, and humans
-metacestode is a hydatid cyst
What are the characteristics of Echinococcus multilocularis?
-DH is canids and felids
-IH is rodents, ruminants, horses, swine, humans
-alveolar hydatid cyst
