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SP1 Parasitology > Lecture 4 1/26/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 1/26/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of nematodes?

A

-cylindrical and elongate
-pseudocoelomate/fluid filled body cavity w/ partial mesodermic lining
-usually dioecious
-complete digestive tract
-longitudinal muscles only
-covered by noncellular collagen cuticle

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2
Q

Which superfamilies fall within the order Strongylida?

A

-Ancylostomoidea/hookworms
-Strongyloidea/strongyles
-Trichostrongyloidea/trichostrongyles
-Metastrongyloidea/lungworms

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the order Strongylida?

A

-males and females with buccal cavity
-males with caudal copulatory bursa

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of Ancylostomoidea/hookworms?

A

-“hook” anterior end curved dorsad
-large, heavily sclerotized buccal cavity with cutting plates/teeth/lancets
-feed by sucking blood
-thin-shelled eggs in morula stage
-live in small intestine
-often migrate within DH

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Ancylostoma caninum?

A

-DH is dogs and wild canidae
-may use paratenic hosts
-males 11-13 mm
-females 14-21 mm
-eggs 55-65x35-40 um
-PPP of 2-3 weeks

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6
Q

What are the general characteristics of the Ancylostoma caninum lifecycle?

A

-eggs pass in feces and develop into infective L3 larvae in ~1 week
-penetrate skin and migrate to lungs
-larvae coughed up and swallowed
-remain within mucosa of small intestine before becoming adults
-transmammary infection from arrested larvae

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7
Q

What are the requirements for Ancylostoma caninum egg hatching?

A

-preferred temp of 72-86 degrees
-24 hours need

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8
Q

How long can Ancylostoma caninum survive in the environment?

A

a few months

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9
Q

What are the potential ways for dogs to become infected with Ancylostoma caninum?

A

-larvae in soil and infect through skin penetration or ingestion
-ingestion of mammalian paratenic hosts
-transmammary transmission

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of Ancylostoma caninum?

A

-diarrhea/melena
-anemia
-hypoproteinemia
-emaciation
-dehydration
-respiratory signs
-death

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of peracute A. caninum disease?

A

-seen in transmammary infected pups
-anemia and pale mucosa
-deteriorate rapidly
-disease often sets in before eggs seen in feces

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of acute A. caninum disease?

A

-in older dogs
-often large numbers of eggs
-anemia and tarry stool

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of chronic A. caninum disease?

A

-asymptomatic with eggs in feces
-measurable reductions in RBC count

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Ancylostoma caninum?

A

-supportive care, including, fluids, warming, nutrition/vitamins, and blood transfusion
-parasiticide like pyrantel or fenbendazole

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of A. caninum larval leak?

A

-parasite migrates through lungs and enters somatic tissue or mucosa of small intestine
-arrested development/encystment of L3s
-arrested larvae activate after adult worm removal from small intestine or during pregnancy

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16
Q

How long do adult A. caninum worms live when untreated?

A

4-24 months

17
Q

Which type of situation can be controlled with A. caninum, and which cannot?

A

-transmammary transmission can be controlled
-arrested larvae/larval leak cannot

18
Q

How can pregnant dogs be treated in order to prevent transmammary transmission of A. caninum?

A

-treatment with fenbendazole or ivermectin
-daily doses leading up to whelping and while lactating

19
Q

What are the characteristics of Ancylostoma tubaeforme?

A

-DH is cats and wild felidae
-males are 9-11 mm
-females are 12-15 mm
-eggs are 55-65x35-42 um
-PPP is 3 weeks

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Ancylostoma tubaeforme?

A

-diarrhea/melena
-anemia
-hypoproteinemia
-emaciation
-dehydration
-resp. signs
-death

21
Q

What are the characteristics of A. braziliense?

A

-DH is cats, dogs, felidae, canidae
-males 5-8 mm
-females 6-9 mm
-PPP of 3 weeks
-eggs 60x40 um
-seen in tropics, Florida, Texas, Caribbean, and coastal US

22
Q

What are the characteristics of Uncinaria spp.?

A

-DH is dogs, cats, foxes, wolves, fur seals, other carnivores
-males 5-9 mm
-females 7-13 mm
-significantly bigger eggs, 70-90x40-50 um
-PPP of 2-3 weeks

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Uncinaria stenocephala?

A

-aka Northern carnivore hookworm
-less pathogenic than A. caninum
-ingestion transmission only
-cutting plates rather than teeth
-not zoonotic
-diagnosed through fecal flotation

24
Q

What are the zoonotic manifestations of Ancylostoma spp.?

A

-cutaneous larva migrans: A. braziliensis
-eosinophilic colitis: A. caninum

25
Q

What are the characteristics of Bunostomum spp.?

A

-DH is cattle, sheep, goats
-male is 10-17mm
-female is 16-26mm
-eggs 85x50 um
-PPP is 6-10 weeks

26
Q

How can Bunostomum spp. be diagnosed?

A

eggs are larger and darker than most others seen in bovine feces

SP1 Parasitology (23 decks)

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