Lecture 1 1/23/24

Question 1

What are parasites?

Answer 1

organism that lives, feeds, takes shelter, or in some fashion takes energy from a host organism without giving the host anything in return

Question 2

What are the different helminth classifications?

Answer 2

-cestodes
-trematodes
-nematodes

Question 3

Which other parasite classifications exists besides helminths?

Answer 3

-arthropods
-protozoa

Question 4

What are the two main targets when trying to stop parasite transmission?

Answer 4

-life cycle
-role within environment

Question 5

What are the characteristics of endoparasites?

Answer 5

-live inside the host body
-cause an infection

Question 6

What are the characteristics of ectoparasites?

Answer 6

-live outside the host body
-cause an infestation

Question 7

What is an aberrant host?

Answer 7

when the parasite is in the wrong host

Question 8

What is an aberrant parasite?

Answer 8

when the parasite is in the right host, but the wrong location within the body

Question 9

What is a facultative parasite?

Answer 9

a parasite that does not need a host, but will make use of one if present

Question 10

What is an obligatory parasite?

Answer 10

a parasite that absolutely needs a host for survival

Question 11

What is a definitive host?

Answer 11

-host in which the adult stage of a helminth lives
-host in which sexual replication occurs for protozoa

Question 12

What is an intermediate host?

Answer 12

-absolutely required for the parasite’s life cycle to occur
-host in which the juvenile stage(s) of a helminth occur
-host in which asexual replication occurs for protozoa

Question 13

What is a paratenic host?

Answer 13

-host that can help get a parasite into a definitive host
-no development occurs
-not a necessary host

Question 14

What is a vector?

Answer 14

an organisms that houses a pathogen and can transmit said pathogen to a host

Question 15

What is a biologic vector?

Answer 15

vector in which the parasite replicates

Question 16

What is a mechanical vector?

Answer 16

vector that simply transports the parasite, with no replication occurring

Question 17

What is a reservoir host?

Answer 17

host in which parasite does not cause disease

Question 18

What is a direct life cycle?

Answer 18

life cycle in which the parasite can go from definitive host to definitive host without needing an intermediate host

Question 19

What is an indirect life cycle?

Answer 19

life cycle in which the parasite must use an intermediate host to go from definitive host to definitive host

Question 20

What is horizontal transmission?

Answer 20

spread of a parasite between individuals of the same age cohort

Question 21

What is vertical transmission?

Answer 21

spread of a parasite from parent to offspring

Question 22

What is a monospecific parasite?

Answer 22

parasite that can only infect a single, specific species

Question 23

What is a heterospecific parasite?

Answer 23

parasite that can infect multiple different species

Question 24

What is prevalence?

Answer 24

the percent of individuals at any one given time that are infected with a parasite

Question 25

What is incidence?

Answer 25

the rate at which new infections occur