Lecture 13 4/2/24 Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of hemoflagellates?
-one nucleus in middle of body
-recurrent flagella in “adult”
-reproduce via longitudinal fission
-go through cyclical development
Which stage of hemoflagellates is spread by vectors?
blood stage/trypanomastigote
Which stage of hemoflagellates causes disease?
tissue stage/amastigote
What are the characteristics of Trypanosoma cruzi?
-IH is Reduviidae/kissing bug
-DH is dogs, cats, people, wild mammals
-causes Chagas/American Trypanosomiasis
Which tissues are invaded by Trypanosoma cruzi?
-muscle, especially heart
-liver
-spleen
-lymphatics
How can Trypanosoma cruzi be spread?
-ingestion of vector
-vector feces
-syringe
-transplacental
What are the clinical signs of Trypanosoma cruzi?
-cardiac dysfunction
-right-sided heart failure
-myocarditis
-fever
-anemia
-lymphadenopathy
-megaloviscera/megacolon
How is Trypanosoma cruzi diagnosed?
-blood smear
-tissue biopsy
-serology
-molecular testing/PCR
-blood culture
What is the recommended treatment for Chagas?
Amiodarone and Itraconazole
What is important about Chagas treatment?
-does not cure, just prolongs life
-animal will eventually die of Chagas
What are the characteristics of Leishmania?
-IH is sandflies
-DH is people, dogs, cats, wild rodents
-amastigotes live in macrophages
Which clinical signs occur with visceral/cutaneous Leishmania infantum and Leishmania chagasi?
-alopecia
-ulcerative dermatitis
-mucocutaneous ulcers
-ocular signs
Which clinical signs occur only with visceral/cutaneous Leishmania infantum?
-hyperkeratosis
-abnormally long, brittle nails
What are the general clinical signs associated with visceral/cutaneous Leishmaniasis?
-nose bleeds
-swollen limbs and joints
-intermittent fever
-chronic wasting/weight loss
-muscle atrophy
-visceral involvement
How is Leishmania diagnosed?
-blood smear
-biopsy
-PCR
-blood culture and/or serology
