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SP1 Parasitology > Lecture 5 1/29/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 1/29/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of the Strongylida subfamily Stryongyloidea?

A

-males with caudal copulatory bursa
-males and females with buccal capsule
-large, heavily sclerotized buccal capsule
-corona radiata/leaf crown of cutting teeth around mouth

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of subfamily Strongyloidea eggs?

A

-thin-shelled
-morula stage

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of subfamily Strongyloidea general life cycles?

A

-live in large intestine
-direct lifecycles
-species with both migratory and nonmigratory life cycles

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4
Q

What are the two subfamilies of importance for the Strongyloidea?

A

-Strongylinae
-Cyathostominae

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Cyathostomes/small Strongyles species?

A

-DH is horses
-6-22 mm adult size
-PPP of 6-12 weeks
-eggs 70-100 x 40-50 um*

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6
Q

What are the charactersitics of Cyathostominae/small Strongyles life cycle?

A

-adults in cecum and colon
-direct life cycle
-non-migratory in body
-develop in nodules in mucosa
-arrest as early L3 in submucosal nodules
-can remain in nodules up to 2 years
-resume development with outside stimulus

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Small Strongyle Disease/Larval Cyathostominosis?

A

-large numbers of worms in otherwise healthy horses
-occurs during prepatent period
-predisposition in young horses and those recently dewormed
-often seen in the fall
-death in 50% of cases

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8
Q

What is the infectious stage for Cyathostominae/small Strongyles?

A

L3

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8
Q

What clinical signs are seen with Small Strongyles Disease?

A

-diarrhea
-cachexia
-colic
-anorexia
-protein-losing enteropathy
-ventral edema

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9
Q

What leads to clinical signs in Small Strongyles Disease?

A

mass emergence of encysted larvae

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10
Q

What findings on a CBC can help indicate a small strongyles infection?

A

-neutrophilia
-anemia
-eosinophilia

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11
Q

What findings on a chemistry panel can help indicate a small strongyles infection?

A

-hypoalbuminemia
-hyperglobulinemia
-elevated total protein

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12
Q

How can ultrasound be used in diagnosing small strongyles infection?

A

it can reveal a thickened large intestinal mucosa

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13
Q

What are the large strongyles species of importance?

A

-Strongylus vulgaris
-Strongylus edentatus
-Strongylus equinus

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongylus vulgaris?

A

-females 11-16 mm
-males 20-24 mm
-PPP of 6 months

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongylus edentatus?

A

-females 23-35 mm
-males 33-44 mm
-PPP of 11 months

16
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongylus equinus?

A

-females 26-35 mm
-males 35-50 mm
-PPP of 9 months

17
Q

How does the life cycle of large strongyles differ from that of small strongyles?

A

-large strongyles have extensive larvae migration within the host before maturation
-in small strongyles, larvae go straight to the intestine and do not migrate

18
Q

What are the steps of the Strongylus vulgaris life cycle?

A

-enters wall of distal small intestine, cecum, and ventral colon
-penetrates to submucosa and molts to L4
-L4 penetrates adjacent arterioles and migrates to anterior mesenteric artery
-L4s continue to grow and migrate through vessels
-return to small and large intestine carried by the blood
-occlude arteries, leading to inflammation and arterial wall destruction
-enter submucosa and encapsulate in nodule to molt into adult
-immature adults enter cecum and colon lumen and mature

19
Q

What clinical signs are seen due to Strongylus vulgaris migration?

A

-peritonitis
-arteritis
-thrombosis
-embolism
-ischemia
-infarction
-verminous aneurysms

20
Q

What is the clinical significance of Strongylus vulgaris?

A

-seen in young horses
-disease occurs during PPP
-pathology associated with larval stages
-most pathogenic of the large strongyles

21
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongylus edentatus larval migration?

A

-larvae go to liver first
-from there, migrate through abdominal tissues
-return to colon

22
Q

What are the characteristics of Strongylus equinus larval migration?

A

-larvae go to liver first
-migrate through abdomen, primarily pancreas
-return to colon

23
Q

What are the pathologic characteristics of Strongylus equinus?

A

-causes pancreatic dysfunction
-associated with peritonitis
-liver pathology occurs
-extremely rare in US

24
Q

What are the pathologic characteristics of Strongylus edentatus?

A

-associated with peritonitis
-liver pathology occurs
-very rare in US

25
Q

How are equine strongyles species diagnosed?

A

-detection of eggs on fecal float
-ELISA testing to identify previous infection

26
Q

What can fecal egg counts be useful for?

A

-monitoring drug effectiveness
-pasture contamination evaluation
-identification of high egg shedding animals

27
Q

What is coproculture?

A

putting eggs in a warm, damp environment to promote hatching/culture and be able to differentiate Strongylus spp.

28
Q

Which Strongylus species can be ID’d using PCR?

A

S. vulgaris

29
Q

What are the characteristics of order Chabertiidae nodular worms?

A

-host are ruminants, swine, and primates
-live in large intestine
-larvae encapsulate in intestinal wall

30
Q

What are the pathologic characteristics of order Chabertiidae?

A

-encapsulated larvae cause inflammation, diarrhea, and emaciation
-nodules can caseate and calcify
-clinical disease due to larvae, not adults

31
Q

What are the characteristics of Chabertia spp.?

A

-aka large-mouthed bowel worm
-DH is ruminants
-females 17-20 mm
-males 13-14 mm
-PPP of 6-8 weeks
-large sub-globular buccal capsule
-corona radiata with small sawtooth elements

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Oesophagostomum spp.?

A

-DH are cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, primates, rodents
-females 13-22 mm
-males 12-17 mm
-PPP of 40 days
-shallow buccal capsule
-corona radiata and cervical groove/collar present

33
Q

What pathology is seen with Oesophagostomum spp.?

A

fibrotic nodules left behind by larvae

34
Q

What are the characteristics of Syngamus spp.?

A

-aka gapeworm
-DH is birds
-direct life cycle
-earthworms as paratenic host
-females 5-40 mm
-males 2-6 mm
-eggs 80-110 x 40-50 um
-PPP of 2 weeks
-exception to large intestine rule for Strongyles

35
Q

What are the characteristics of Syngamus trachea?

A

-male and female live in trachea in permanent copulation
-earthworms/mollusks/insects are paratenic hosts
-controlled by raising birds off soil

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of Syngamus trachea in poultry?

A

-pneumonia
-hemorrhagic tracheitis
-mucus plugging air passages
-asphyxiation/blockage of air

37
Q

What do Syngamus spp. eggs look like?

A

have double plugs like whipworm eggs

38
Q

How do Syngamus spp. eggs get into the feces?

A

eggs are coughed up and swallowed

SP1 Parasitology (23 decks)

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