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a_anatomy > Lecture 7- Metacarpus, phalanges and joints > Flashcards

Lecture 7- Metacarpus, phalanges and joints Flashcards

1
Q

What goes through the axial foramen of the hoof in cattle?

A

Principal artery

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2
Q

What articulates with the tubercle for the deep digital flexor in cattle?

A

Deep digital flexor

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3
Q

What is a sign of uneven horn growth in horses?

A

rings on side of hoof

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4
Q

What is hoof cartilage attached to?

A

palmar process of distal phalanx

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5
Q

What is the function of hoof cartilage?

A

Increasing the surface are for hte horn of the hoof to attach

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6
Q

What is another name for the hoof?

A

corium

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7
Q

What divides wall from bulb in bovine foot?

A

Abaxial groove

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8
Q

What are the three major joints in the foot?

A

PIP, DIP, and MCP

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9
Q

What is the fetlock?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joint

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10
Q

What is involved in the fetlock?

A

MCIII, PI, and proximal sesamoid bones

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11
Q

What type of movement occurs at the fetlock?

A

Extension with relatively high mobility

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12
Q

What connects MCIII and PI together?

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

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13
Q

What are the major ligaments of the fetlock?

A

Collateral, Straight, and Oblique collateral ligaments

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14
Q

What joins the proximal sesamoids?

A

Think palmar ligament

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15
Q

What does the collateral sesamoidean ligament do?

A

Connect the sesamoid to the sides of the metacarpal condyle and proximal tubercles of the PI

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16
Q

What ligaments connect base of sesamoid bones to first phalanx?

A

Deepest, cruciate, and obilque

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17
Q

What is the point of the sesamoid bone to phalanx ligaments?

A

ensures sesamoid move agains metacarpal concyle in unison with PI

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18
Q

What connects ses. to the fibrocartilage of PII?

A

Straight sesamoidiean ligament

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19
Q

What is the pastern?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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20
Q

What movement occurs at the pastern?

A

restricted flexion and extension

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21
Q

What do the palmar ligaments connect?

A

Palmar aspect of PI w/ complementary fibrocartilage of PII

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22
Q

What do the palmar ligaments do?

A

Limit overextension

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23
Q

What do the palmar ligaments interact with?

A

Straight sesamoidean bone

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24
Q

What are the branches of the palmar ligaments?

A

Axial and Abaxial

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25
Q

What is the coffin?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

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26
Q

What movement occurs at the coffin?

A

Flexion and extension to the same degree as the pastern

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27
Q

What is the major bone in the coffin?

A

Navicular bone

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28
Q

Where is the navicular bone located?

A

Suspended from the distal extremity of PI

29
Q

What ligaments interact with the navicular bone?

A

Navicular ligaments

30
Q

What are the branches of the navicular ligaments?

A

Collateral and distal

31
Q

Tendons from what muscles enter the foot to the metacarpal bone?

A

EDC and EDL

32
Q

Tendons from what muscles enter the foot caudal to the MC bone?

A

FDS and FDP

33
Q

What role does the interosseus muscle play?

A

Support of the fetlock

34
Q

What is the origin of the interosseus muscle?

A

Palmar carpal ligament and adjacent part of large metacarpal bone

35
Q

What is the path of the interosseus muscle?

A

between splint bones and divides above the fetlock, two division are easily felt

36
Q

What is the insertion of the interosseus muscle?

A

proximal sesamoid bones

37
Q

What occurs to the interosseous muscle in metacarpus (bovine?)?

A

Give five principal branches

38
Q

Where do four of the interosseous muscle branches go?

A

proximal sesamoid bones

39
Q

What does the arrangement of the interosseous muscle with the other tendons do?

A

form sling, tenses when foot bears weight and fetlock is overextended

40
Q

What is the check ligament for the superficial digital flexor?

A

Band formed by interosseous muscle on palmar surface and joins bands of SDF

41
Q

What are the three major palmar a. in the horse?

A

Medial/lateral palmar a.

Medial/lateral palmar metacarpal aa.

42
Q

What branches off the medial palmar a.?

A

Medial/lateral digital a.

43
Q

What is the most important artery?

A

Medial palmar a.

44
Q

What is the medial artery a continuation of?

A

Median a.

45
Q

What is the lateral palmar a. a descendent of?

A

Collateral ulnar a.

46
Q

What supplies blood to branches of the interosseous?

A

medial/lateral palmar metacarpal a.

47
Q

What branches does the ulnar nerve give off?

A

Palmar and dorsal

48
Q

What does the dorsal branch n. do?

A

Sensory from skin over lateral surface of metacarpus

49
Q

What is the palmar branch n. a terminal branch of?

A

median n.

50
Q

What is the main nerve in the forearm?

A

Median n.

51
Q

What does the Median n. divide into?

A

Medial and lateral palmar n.

52
Q

What does the lateral palmar n. exchange fibers with?

A

palmar branch of the ulnar n.

53
Q

What does the lat. palmar n. supply?

A

Interosseous and palmar pouch of fetlock

54
Q

When does the lat. palmar n. become subcutaneous?

A

distal end of splint bones - supply dorsal pouch

55
Q

What does the medial palmar n. become above the fetlock?

A

medial digital n.

56
Q

What happens to the medial digital n.?

A

gives rise to one or two dorsal branches

57
Q

Where does the medial palmar n. end?

A

Supplying laminar and sole dermis

58
Q

What muscle prevents the shoulder from flextion?

A

internal biceps tendon

59
Q

What is passive-stay apparatus?

A

weight of trunk does not pass directly through joint axis of rotation, allows horses to stand for a long time

60
Q

What does the lacertus fibrosus do?

A

At distal end pull of bicep transmitted to ECR (which is fixed on MCII)

61
Q

How is overextension prevented?

A

close-packing of carpal cranial

palmar carpal ligaments caudal

62
Q

What action does lacertus fibrosus (w/ other tendons) prevent?

A

support carpal joint and prevent joint buckling forward

63
Q

What three things prevent the fetlock from overextension?

A

interosseus, proximal sesamoid bones, and distal sesamoidean ligaments

64
Q

What occurs at the DIP joint when deep flexor tendon as tension?

A

flexion

65
Q

What is the flexion of the DIP joint counteracted by?

A

pull on the extensor process of bone at impact

keep hoof level

66
Q

What is overextension of PIP joint prevented by?

A

Axial and abaxial palmar ligaments

Straight sesamoidean ligaments

67
Q

What prevents buckling forward of PIP?

A

FDS

68
Q

What forces prevent the elbow joint from flexing?

A

Passive tension of tendons from carpal and digital flexors

Eccentrically placed collateral ligaments

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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