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a_anatomy > Lecture 5 - Brachium and elbow > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Brachium and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What joints make up the “elbow joint”?

A

Humero-ulnar and Radio-humeral joints

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2
Q

What bones make up the brachium?

A

humerus

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3
Q

What are the main joints in the brachium?

A

Glenohumeral and elbow

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4
Q

What are the three “spacial” compartments?

A

Lateral, caudal, and medial

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5
Q

What are the two action based compartments?

A

Flexor and extensor

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6
Q

What artery supplies the lateral compartment?

A

Suprascapular a.

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7
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment?

A

Suprascapular a.

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8
Q

What artery supplies the medial compartment?

A

Subscapular a.

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9
Q

What nerve supplies the medial compartment?

A

Subscapular n.

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10
Q

What artery supplies the caudal compartment?

A

Caudal circumflex humeral a.

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11
Q

What nerve supplies the caudal compartment?

A

Axillary n. and Subscapular n.

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12
Q

What action is caused by the lateral compartment?

A

extension and stabilizing at GH

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13
Q

What action is caused by the medial compartment?

A

Adduction and extension at GH joint

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14
Q

What action is caused by the caudal compartment?

A

Flexion and lateral rotation at GH joint

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor compartment?

A

Musculocutaneous n.

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16
Q

What artery supplies the flexor compartment?

A

Brachial a.

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17
Q

What nerve supplies the extensor compartment?

A

Radial n.

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18
Q

What artery supplies the extensor compartment?

A

Deep brachial a.

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19
Q

What action is caused by the flexor compartment?

A

Flexion (arm and forearm)

Supination (forearm)

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20
Q

What action is caused by the extensor compartment?

A

Extension (arm and forearm)

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21
Q

What is the primary job of the lateral, caudal and medial muscles?

A

move the GH joint

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22
Q

What is the primary job of the flexor and extensor muscles?

A

move the elbow joint

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23
Q

What is different about a horses forearm?

A

ulna and radius is fused

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24
Q

What are three structural landmarks that are different on the horse?

A

Interosseous space, distal end of ulna incorporated w/i radius, and radial tuberosity

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25
Q

What three “joints” are within the elbow?

A

Radio-humeral joint
Ulno-humeral joint
Radio-ulnar joint

26
Q

What interacts with both the radius and the ulna?

A

Condyle of humerus

27
Q

What articulates with just the ulna?

A

trochlea

28
Q

What articulates with just the radial head?

A

capitulum

29
Q

What are the collateral ligaments in the elbow?

A

Lateral collateral, annular ligament of radius, and medial collateral ligament

30
Q

What supports the elbow joint?

A

muscle, tendon, and collateral ligaments

31
Q

What movements are allowed at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion and extension along sagittal plane

Pronation and supination of ulna

32
Q

What is the characteristic of the pronation and supination in arboreal primates?

A

very marked

33
Q

What is the characteristic of the pronation and supination in terrestrial quadrupeds?

A

very limited

34
Q

What is the origin of the suprascapular n.?

A

C6-7

35
Q

What muscles do the suprascapular n. innervate?

A

supraspinatus and intraspinatus

36
Q

What is the origin of the axillary n.?

A

C8

37
Q

What muscles do the axillary n. innervate?

A

Teres major, teres minor, deltoideus, distal brachiocephalicus

38
Q

What is the origin of the musculocutaneous n.?

A

C7-8

39
Q

What muscles do the musculocutaneous n. innervate?

A

Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis

40
Q

What is different about the musculocutaneous n.?

A

Has different path in dog, horse, and ungulates. (be sure to do over these)

41
Q

What is the origin of the radial nerve?

A

C7-T1

42
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the radial nerve?

A

Triceps brachii, anconeus, tensor fasciae antebrachii

43
Q

What are the branches of the axillary a.?

A

Lateral thoracic a., Subscapular a., and caudal/cranial circumflex

44
Q

What are the branches of the brachial a.?

A

Deep brachial a, collateral a., superficial brachial a., transverse cubital a., and common interosseous a.

45
Q

What is different about the horses axillary a.?

A

has a suprascapular and throacodorsal branch

46
Q

What is different about the horses brachial a.?

A

has a collateral ulnar and radial a.

47
Q

What is the main vein that leaves the leg?

A

cephalic v.

48
Q

What does the cephalic v. meet up with and through what?

A

External jugular v. via omobrachial v.

49
Q

What muscles are in the lateral group?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

50
Q

What muscles are in the caudal group?

A

Deltoideus, teres major, and teres minor

51
Q

What are the parts of the deltoideus?

A

Scapular and acromial part

52
Q

What muscles are part of the medial group?

A

subscapularis and coracobrachialis

53
Q

What muscles are in the extensor group?

A

triceps brachii, tensor fasciae antebrachii, and anconeus

54
Q

What are the heads of the triceps brachii?

A

lateral, medial, accessory, and long heads

55
Q

What muscles are in the flexor group?

A

Biceps brachii and brachialis

56
Q

Where does the proximal tendon of biceps brachii go along?

A

in the intertubercular sulcus

57
Q

What holds the proximal tendon of the biceps brachii in place?

A

Transverse humeral retinaculum

58
Q

What is different about the horse’s bicep brachii?

A

Have fibrous band that joins the tendons of origin and insertion - internal tendon

59
Q

What comes off the internal tendon?

A

Lacertus fibrosus

60
Q

What is the characteristic of the lacertus fibrosus in standing and flexed animals?

A

Standing - taut

Flexed joint - slackened

61
Q

What occurs when the lacertus fibrosus and the internal tendon work together?

A

maintain carpal joint in extension

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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