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a_anatomy > Lecture 17 - The Neck I > Flashcards

Lecture 17 - The Neck I Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the thoracic inlet?

A

Space bounded by first rib, sternum and T1 vertebra

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the thoracic inlet?

A

Primary passage way for structures between neck and thorax

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3
Q

What does the vertebral column articulate with?

A

Occipital bone

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4
Q

What are the main dorsocaudal features of the skull?

A

External occipital protuberance, nuchal crest, and mastoid process

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5
Q

From rostral to caudal, list the main structures of the ventral portion of the skull?

A

Foramen lacerum, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, occipital condyle

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6
Q

What is the normal number of cervical vertebra?

A

7

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7
Q

What is the hyoid apparatus? (not function)

A

Bones running from temporal bones of skull into the neck

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8
Q

What is the function of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Supporting the tongue, larynx, and pharynx

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9
Q

Where are the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Cartilages at cranial end of the airway

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10
Q

What is another name for C1?

A

Atlas

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11
Q

What is the name for the facets on C1 what do they articulate with?

A

Articular facets, articulate with the occipital condyle

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12
Q

What is a special structure of the C1?

A

Large transverse processes called wings or Alar processes

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13
Q

What are the palpable landmarks of the atlas and axis?

A

Wing of atlas and the spinous process of the axis

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14
Q

What are you unable to feel of the axis and atlas in horses and ruminants?

A

Spine of the axis

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15
Q

Why are you unable to feel the spine of the axis in a horse?

A

Presence of a fatty crest and the cranial extent of the funicular portion of the ligamentum nuchae

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the hyoid apparatus?

A

Stylohyoid, basihyoid, and thyrohyoid

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17
Q

What is the stylohyoid?

A

Articulates with temporal bone (adjacent to the mastoid) via cartilage

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18
Q

What is the cartilage that is associated with the stylohyoid?

A

Tympanohyoid cart.

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19
Q

What is the basihyoid?

A

Unpaired, anchored in the musculature of the tongue

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20
Q

What is the thyrohyoid?

A

Articulates with the thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

What are the four dorsal muscles of the vertebral column?

A

Spinalis, semispinalis, longissimus, and splenius

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22
Q

What is the origin of the splenius?

A

T1-T3 spines and cervical midline raphe

23
Q

What is the insertion of the splenius?

A

Nuchal crest and mastoid

24
Q

What nerve innervates the splenius?

A

Dorsal rami

25
Q

What is the action of the splenius?

A

Extend head and neck, some lateral bending of cervical region

26
Q

What are the three ventral vertebral column muscles?

A

longus colli, longus capitus, and scalenus

27
Q

What is another name for the ventral vertebral column muscles?

A

Hypaxial

28
Q

Where is the longus colli found?

A

Cranial thoracic vertebral bodies and cervical vertebral bodies and transverse processes

29
Q

Where is the longus capitus found?

A

Lateral to the longus colli from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the ventral part of the skull

30
Q

Where is the scalenus m. found?

A

Often a group of three muscles, from caudal cervical vertebrae to cranial ribs

31
Q

What are the four rectus capitus muscles?

A

Dorsalis major - Dorsalis minor - Lateralis - Ventralis

32
Q

What are the two oblique capitus muscles?

A

Cranialis and Caudalis

33
Q

What is the function of the capitus muscles?

A

Fine control of the atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital joints

34
Q

What are the fascias of the neck?

A

Carotid sheath, pretracheal, and prevertebral

35
Q

What is within the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and VAGOSYMPATHETIC trunk

36
Q

What is within the pretracheal fascia?

A

Muscles and viscera of the ventral neck

37
Q

What is with in the prevertebral fascia?

A

All muscles associated with the vertebral column

38
Q

What happens when the ventral vertebral muscles pass into the thorax?

A

Prevertebral fascia blend with the endothoracic fascia

39
Q

What is the clinical significance of the region where the ventral vertebral muscles enter the thorax?

A

Possible route of infection

40
Q

What are the two primary cutaneous muscles over the neck?

A

Cutaneous colli and Platysma

41
Q

What is different about the cutaneous colli in horses?

A

Well developed near the manubrium, forms a thick cover over the caudal part of the jugular groove

42
Q

What is the most ventral, non-cutaneous, muscle of the neck?

A

Sternocephalicus

43
Q

What is the origin of the sternocephalicus?

A

Frist sternebra

44
Q

What is the insertion of the sternocephalicus?

A

Mastoid and nuchal crest

45
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the sternocephalicus?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

46
Q

What is the action of the sternocephalicus?

A

Unilateral lateral flexion of the neck and Bilateral ventral flexion of the neck

47
Q

How is the sternocephalicus different in the horse?

A

Inserts on the manible and also thought to have a role in jaw opening

48
Q

What are the two groups of muscles that control the position of the hyoid? (very basic)

A

Cranial and caudal group

49
Q

What cranial muscles affect the positioning of the hyoid?

A

Muscles of the oral cavity, tongue, and pharynx

50
Q

What is the caudal muscles that affect the positioning of the hyoid?

A

Sternohyoideus - Omohyoideus - Sternothyroideus - Thyrohyoideus

51
Q

What once of the caudal muscles of the thyroid is not present in dogs and cats?

A

Omohyoideus

52
Q

Where in the horse is omohyoideus located?

A

Lateral to the sternohyoideus

53
Q

Where does the omohyoideus travel in horses?

A

Diverges from the sternohyoideus and goes more laterally toward the subscapular fascia

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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