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a_anatomy > Lecture 13 - Thigh and stifle > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Thigh and stifle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

TFL, GI. M, GI. S, and GI P.

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2
Q

What is the main function of the gluteal muscles? What muscle is the exception?

A

Extend and abduct hip. Tensorfasciae latae

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3
Q

What nerve(s) innervate the gluteal muscles?

A

Cranial and caudal gluteal nn.

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4
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Obt. Int and Ext., Gemelli, and Quadratus femoris

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5
Q

What is the main function of the deep gluteal muscles? What muscle is the exception?

A

Laterally rotate the hip. Obt. externus

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the deep gluteal muscles? What muscle is the exception?

A

Sciatic n. Obt. externus.

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7
Q

What are the Caudal thigh muscles?

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

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8
Q

What is the main function of the caudal thigh muscles?

A

extend hip; flex stifle

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the caudal thigh muscles?

A

Sciatic n.

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10
Q

What muscles are the medial thigh muscles?

A

Sartorius, pectineus, adductor, gracilis

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11
Q

What is the main function of the medial thigh muscles?

A

Adduct limb at hip

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12
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles? What muscles is the exception?

A

Obturator n. Sartorius.

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13
Q

What are the two muscle compartments that move the stifle?

A

medial and lateral

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14
Q

What muscles are in the medial muscles act on the knee?

A

Sartorius and gracilis

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15
Q

What does sartorius do to the knee?

A

Cranial - extend stifle

Caudal - flex stifle

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16
Q

What does gracilis do to the knee?

A

Flex stifle

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17
Q

What lateral muscles act on the knee?

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

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18
Q

What does biceps femoris do to the knee?

A

Extend stifle

Caudal - Flex stifle

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19
Q

What does semitendinosus do to the knee?

A

Flex stiffle

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20
Q

What does semimembranosus do to the knee?

A

Femur attachment - extends stifle

Tibia attachment - extends or flexes stifle

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21
Q

What muscles are in the cranial comparment?

A

Quadricpes femoris and iliopsoas

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22
Q

What are the four parts of the quadricpes femoris?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, v. lateralis, and v. intermedius

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23
Q

What does the tendon of the popliteus do?

A

Crosses into the stifle joint cap.

24
Q

What are the joints that make up the stifle joint?

A

femorotibial, femorpatellar, and proximal tibofibular joints

25
Q

Where is the sesamoid bone in the dog?

A

Popliteus muscle

26
Q

What in the dog is also included in the stifle?

A

Femorofabellar joint and tibia/sesamoid connect

27
Q

What are the two meniscii?

A

Medial and lateral

28
Q

What are meniscii?

A

Fibrocartilage discs, semilunar in shape

29
Q

What is the function of the meniscii?

A

Stabilize movement of round femoral condyles on flat tibial condyles

30
Q

How does the patellar ligament support the stifle?

A

cranially

31
Q

How does the medial collateral ligament support the stifle?

A

medially

32
Q

How does the lateral collateral ligament support the stifle?

A

laterally

33
Q

How does the caudal cruciate ligament support the stifle?

A

prevents caudal slip of the tibia

34
Q

How does the cranial cruciate ligament support the stifle?

A

prevents the cranial slip of the tibia

35
Q

How does the meniscofemoral ligament support the stifle?

A

Stabilizes the menisci

36
Q

What are the main movements of the stifle?

A

flexion and extension

37
Q

What is special about the stifles of cats and dogs?

A

have some translational mobility and rotation along long axis of tibia

38
Q

What happens to the lateral collateral ligament when stifle flexed?

A

Ligaments loosen

39
Q

What does a loose lateral collateral ligament allow?

A

Internal rotation of the tibia on the femur

40
Q

What do the cruciate ligaments do with the stifle is flexed?

A

Twist on each other to limit internal rotation

41
Q

Why do horses need specializations in their stiffle?

A

Passive stay aparatus

42
Q

What are the three specializations that occur in the horses knee?

A

1) Enlarged medial epicondylar ridge
2) Two surfaces on trochlear surface
3) Patella is diamond shaped

43
Q

What are the surfaces on the trochlea in the horse’s knee?

A

Gliding and resting surface

44
Q

What direction is the horse’s patella extended and by what?

A

Medially, by the patellar fibrocartilage

45
Q

What does the caudal facing portion of the patella do in the horse?

A

Larger, engages gliding surface of trochlea

46
Q

What does the cranial facing portion of the patella do in the horse?

A

Narrow, engages resting surface of trochlea with full extension

47
Q

What is the difference in the patellar ligament in the horse?

A

there is a intermediate, lateral, and medial ligament

48
Q

What is the origin of the femoral n.?

A

L4-6 spinal nn.

49
Q

What muscles does the femoral n. innervate?

A

iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris

50
Q

What muscle does the femoral nerve first pass through?

A

Psoas major

51
Q

What does the femoral nerve pass through before getting to the thigh?

A

Between dorsocaudal corner of flank and iliopsoas muscle

52
Q

Where does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?

A

Between sartorius and pectineus

53
Q

What does the femoral n. travel with?

A

external iliac a. and v.

54
Q

What branches off the femoral n.?

A

Saphenous n.

55
Q

What does the saphenous n. do?

A

sensory to medial leg and tarsus

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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