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a_anatomy > Lecture 37 - Avian anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 37 - Avian anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the composition of avian bone?

A

Light, compact, and strong

Greater calcium phosphate content

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2
Q

What is different about the vertebrae of birds?

A

Considerable fusion of the spine

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3
Q

How are the bones modified for air sacs?

A

Pneumatization

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4
Q

What is different about the pelvis in birds?

A

Open ventrally

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5
Q

What are the three regions of the avian spine?

A

Notorium - Synsacrum - Pygostyle

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6
Q

What makes up the notorium?

A

Fusion of T 1-3

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7
Q

What makes up the synsacrum?

A

Fusion of T7, L, S, and C1

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8
Q

What makes up the pygostyle?

A

C 2-5

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9
Q

What are the two major extrinsic flight muscles?

A

Pectoralis
– and –
Supracoracoideus

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10
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis?

A

Pull the wings down

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11
Q

What is the action of the supracoracoideus?

A

Raise the wings

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12
Q

What are the major characteristics of the digestive organs in birds?

A

Relatively small

Highly efficient due to high metabolic rate

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13
Q

What is different about the avian stomach?

A

Crop - esophageal diverticulum

Two chambered stomach

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14
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Digestive, urinary, and reproduction terminus

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15
Q

What is the function of the crop?

A

Food storage
Partial food digestion
Production of crop milk

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16
Q

What is crop milk?

A

Crumbly material made of desquamated lipid-laden epithelial cells mix with ingested food

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17
Q

What is partially digested in the crop?

A

Carbohydrates via amylase

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18
Q

What avians are missing a crop?

A

Owls, gulls, and penguins

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19
Q

What are the two portions of the stomach?

A

Proventriculus

Ventriculus

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20
Q

What is the function of the Proventriculus?

A

Glandular stomach - contains glands that secrete hydrochloric acin and mucous

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21
Q

What is the function of the ventriculus?

A

Muscular stomach - contains tubular glands that produce secretion rich in carbohydrates and proteins

22
Q

What is another name for the ventriculus?

A

Gizzard

23
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?.

A

Normal remnant of yolk sac

24
Q

What is different about the vocal organ in a bird?

A

Separated from the larynx - syrinx

25
Q

What are the basic characteristics of the avian lung?

A

Small and dont expand

26
Q

What allows for one way air flow in birds?

A

Segregation of ventilation and exchange

27
Q

What are the four sacs?

A

Cervical - Clavicular - Cranial thoracic - Abdominal

28
Q

What is missing from a birds urogenital area?

A 
Renal pelvis 
Bladder 
Urethra 
Male accessory glands 
Right oviduct
29
Q

What are the three parts of the male reproductive organs?

A

Testis
Epididymis
Deferent duct

30
Q

What produces the seminal fluid in the bird?

A

Cell lining of the deferent duct

Testes

31
Q

Why is the lymph supply needed for in the phallus?

A

Tumescence and protrusion

32
Q

What are the two types of penises in avians?

A

Galliformes - Cloacal kiss

Anseriformes - protrusible

33
Q

What are the five portions of the female repro-tract?

A 
Infundibulum 
Magnum 
Isthmus 
Uterus 
Vagina
34
Q

What is the function of the infundibulum?

A

Receives ovum
Conveys and stores sperm
Fertilization
Chalaziferous layer

35
Q

What is the function of the magnum?

A

Conveys sperm

Secretes albumen, Na, Ca, and Mg

36
Q

What is the function of the isthmus?

A

Conveys sperm
Secretes albumen
Produces the shell membranes

37
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

Convey sperm
Secrete watery albumen
Deposit shell and cuticle

38
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Egg expulsion
Convey sperm
Receives sperm

39
Q

How long and how much time is spend in the infundibulum?

A

7 cm

15 min

40
Q

How long and how much time is spend in the magnum?

A

30 cm

3 hr

41
Q

How long and how much time is spend in the Isthmus?

A

8 cm

1 hr

42
Q

How long and how much time is spend in the uterus?

A

8 cm

20 hr

43
Q

How long and how much time is spend in the vagina?

A

7 cm

~1 min

44
Q

What is different about the vascular system of avians?

A

Presence of pectoral trunk
Different terminal branching of aorta
2 cranial vena cava, jugular anastomosis, and renal portal vein

45
Q

What are the big lymphatic organs?

A

BALT
– and –
GALT

46
Q

Where is balt?

A

Bronchi and lungs

47
Q

Where is GALT?

A

Liver - Intestines - Pancreas - Kidney

48
Q

What lymphatic organ is in the colo-rectal area?

A

Cecal tonsil

49
Q

What produces B cells in the bird?

A

Colacal bursa

50
Q

How many avian zoonotic disease have been described?

A

15

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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