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a_anatomy > Lecture 11 - Hoof > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Hoof Flashcards

1
Q

What are perissodactlys?

A

odd-toed ungulates

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2
Q

What are artiodactlys?

A

even-toed ungulates

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3
Q

What animal is an odd-toed?

A

Equine

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4
Q

What animal is an even-toed?

A

Bovine, carpine, swine, and ovine

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5
Q

What is the hoof a form of?

A

Highly specialized skin

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6
Q

How is the hoof formed?

A

Cornification of the entire integument at distal end of the limb

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7
Q

Why have these animals adapted hooves?

A

Due to being weight bearing on one or two digits, hoof made to handle force

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8
Q

What does the hoof capsule equate too?

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

What does the corium equate to?

A

Dermis

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10
Q

What is the corium?

A

Modified dermis, continuous with dermis skin

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11
Q

What is the function of the corium?

A

Provide physical and nutritional support to the hoof capsule

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12
Q

What are the layers in the hoof wall?

A

Stratum externum, outer s. medium, inner s. medium, s. internum

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13
Q

What is each wall paired with?

A

A corium

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14
Q

What wall layer does the perioplic corium provide for?

A

S. externum

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15
Q

What wall layer does the coronary corium provide for?

A

Medium layers

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16
Q

What wall layer does the laminar corium provide for?

A

S. internum

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17
Q

What coriums are papillary coriums?

A

perioplic and coronary

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18
Q

What do papillary coriums do?

A

Associate with regions that produce new hoof

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19
Q

Where is the s. basal located? (what regions?)

A

Papillae and inter-papillary

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20
Q

What do s. basal at the papillae region produce?

A

Tubular hoof

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21
Q

What do s. basal at the inter-papillary regions produce?

A

intertubular hoof

22
Q

What can keratin be stained with to see?

A

Rhomadine + ve

23
Q

What stratum layer is keratinized?

A

s. corneum

24
Q

What does the laminar corium interlock with?

A

epidermal lamellae

25
Q

Where does this occur?

A

hoof capsule

26
Q

What is the function of the interlocking of the laminar corium and the epi. lamellae?

A

suspend distal phalanx

27
Q

What two other layers does the laminar corium attach to?

A

Periosteum of PIII

Perichondrium of lateral cartilages

28
Q

What is another name for dermal lamellae?

A

Modified papillae

29
Q

What is the function of secondary lamella?

A

increase surface area for attachment

30
Q

What two types of secondary lamellae are there?

A

dermal and epidermal

31
Q

What type of corium is the sole and frog?

A

papillary corium

32
Q

What is the papillary corium associated with (function-wise)?

A

Regions responsible for distal hoof growth

33
Q

Where do the coriums attach?

A

Periosteum of PIII and capsule of digital cushion

34
Q

What is the zona alba?

A

point where papillar corium of sole replace laminar corium and different wall strata

35
Q

What is another name for the papillary corium?

A

terminal papillae

36
Q

What are the layers of the zona alba?

A

S. internum and I.S. medium

37
Q

Which layer of zona alba is keritanized?

A

I.S. Medium

38
Q

What layer represents the white line at the zona alba?

A

I.S. medium, deepest non-alive layer

39
Q

What layers do horse shoe nails go through?

A

I.S. medium, O.S. medium, and S. Externum

40
Q

In what direction is hoof growth?

A

Downwards to replace hoof lost via floor contact

41
Q

What causes the downward hoof growth?

A

in the papillary corium the s. basal makes new hoof and pushes it down ward

42
Q

What are the lamellar remodeling enzymes?

A

MMP and TIMP

43
Q

What does MMP do?

A

digest laminin and collagen

44
Q

What does TIMP do?

A

inhibit MMP

45
Q

What is different about an artiodactly hoof?

A 
No frog
More of a foot pad 
Reduced sole 
No bars 
Wall extends axially
46
Q

What is different about the lamellae in the epidermal and dermal regions?

A

no secondary lamellae

47
Q

What does the lack of secondary lamellae mean?

A

Not as strong interlocking, weaker

48
Q

What replaces the frog corium in artiodactyl?

A

Footpad corium

49
Q

What is the footpad corium continuous with?

A

Sole corium

50
Q

What is the digital cushion made of?

A

Fat and fibroelastic tissue

51
Q

What extra appendage do artiodactyls have?

A

Dewclaws, mini-hooves of accessory fingers

52
Q

What “apparatus” are ungulates highly dependent on in their hooves, that can be the cause of laminitis?

A

Lamellar distal phalangeal suspensory apparatus

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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