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a_anatomy > Lecture 38 - Pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

Lecture 38 - Pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

What do the epiblast cells become after they replace hypoblast cells?

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

What do epiblasts become when they fill in between the epiblasts and hypoblasts?

A

Intraembryonic mesoderm

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3
Q

What does the rest of the epiblast cells become who dont invaginate?

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

What does the notochord cause in the ectoderm?

A

Neural plate

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5
Q

What are the two ridges that form in the neural plate?

A

Neural folds

Neural groove

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6
Q

What grows at the tips of the neural folds?

A

Neural crest cells

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7
Q

What do the growth of somites cause?

A

Lateral folding of the trilaminar disc

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8
Q

What causes crainocaudal folding of the trilaminar disc?

A

Longitudinal growth of cranial and caudal ends of the neural plate tube

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9
Q

What is the oropharyngeal membrane?

A

Separates the pharynx from the oral cavity

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10
Q

Where does the oropharyngeal membrane start out?

A

Cranial to the developing neural tube

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11
Q

Where are the pharyngeal arches located?

A

Paired bulges along the call of the developing pharynx

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12
Q

What is the outer surface of the arches made of?

A

Ectoderm

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13
Q

What is the inner surface of the pharyngeal arches?

A

Endoderm

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14
Q

What is the middle of the pharyngeal arches made from?

A

Mesenchyme from paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest cells

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15
Q

What are the numbers of the arches?

A

1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 6

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16
Q

What does the mesoderm from the pharyngeal arches become?

A

Muscles of the head

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17
Q

What do the neural crest cells of the pharyngeal arches become in the head?

A

Skeleton of the head and neck

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18
Q

What is the nerve for arch 1?

A

CN V - Trigeminal

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19
Q

What is the nerve for arch 2?

A

CN VII - Facial n.

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20
Q

What is the nerve for arch 3?

A

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal

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21
Q

What is the nerve for arch 4?

A

CN X - Cranial laryngeal

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22
Q

What is the nerve for arch 6?

A

CN X - Caudal laryngeal

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23
Q

What are the two parts of the first arch?

A

Maxillary
– and –
Mandibular

24
Q

What is the cartilage of the first arch?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

25
Q

What is the fate of the Meckel’s cartilage of the first arch?

A

Malleus
– and –
Incus

26
Q

What does the mesenchyme from the neural crest cells of arch 1 become?

A

Bones of the mandible and lower face - via membranous ossification

27
Q

What does the mesoderm derived mesenchyme of the first arch become?

A

Dermis of the face and muscles of the mandible and ear

28
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the first arch?

A

Muscles of mastication
Tensor typani and tensor veli palatini
Skin of face

29
Q

What does the cartilage of the second arch articulate with?

A

Dorsal edge articulates with meckel’s cartilage

30
Q

What does the cartilage of the second arch become?

A

Cranial part of hyoid apparatus (Stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid, and cranial part of basihyoid)
Stapes

31
Q

What muscles come from the second arch?

A

Stylohyoideus and caudal digastric
Stapedius
Muscles of facial expression

32
Q

What happens to some of the muscles of facial expression from the second arch?

A

Migrate to the arch 1 territory

33
Q

What comes from arch 3?

A

Thyrohyoid and caudal portion of the basihyoid

Stylopharyngeus

34
Q

What comes from arch 4?

A

Cartilages of the larynx

Cricothyroid and pharyngeal muscles

35
Q

What comes from arch 6?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx - except cricothyroid

36
Q

What is the area between the pharyngeal archs called?

A

Externally - Clefts

Internally - Pouches

37
Q

What many internal pouches are there?

A

4

38
Q

How many external clefts are there?

A

1

39
Q

What does the external cleft become?

A

External auditory canal

40
Q

What does the first pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Tympanic cavity
– and –
Pharyngotympanic tube

41
Q

What forms where the pouch and the cleft join?

A

Tympanic membrane

42
Q

What does pouch 2 become?

A

Tonsils

43
Q

What does pouch 3 become?

A

Glands

44
Q

What does pouch 4 become?

A

C cells to the thyroid gland

45
Q

What does the second arch form when it overgrows?

A

leaves pocket of tissue in the developing neck - cervical sinus

46
Q

What happens when there is a failure in the cervical sinus degenerating?

A

Cervical cysts in adults

47
Q

What happens when there is a failure in the fusing of arch 2 and distal lateral cervical tissue?

A

Result in fistulas that may connect to the cervical cysts

48
Q

What is the primitive oral opening called?

A

Stomodeum

49
Q

What are within the nasal placodes?

A

Nasal pits

50
Q

What is the major characteristics of nasal pits?

A

Depression left in the middle of placode as surrounding mesenchyme proliferates

51
Q

What is the origin of the incisive bone?

A

Intermaxillary segemnt - fused medial nasal prominences

52
Q

What are the four regions of the tongue?

A

Lateral lingual swelling
Tuberculum inpar
Copula
Epiglottal swelling

53
Q

What is made from arch 1?

A

Lateral lingual swellings
– and –
Tuberculum impar

54
Q

What is the copula made from?

A

Arches 2, 3, and 4

55
Q

What makes up the epiglottal swelling?

A

Arch 4

56
Q

What are occipital somites?

A

Some mesoderm migrates in to teh developing tongue to produce the muscle and somite innervation is preserved

57
Q

What are the two fates of the epiblast cells?

A

1) fill in between epiblast and hypoblast

2) replace hypoblast cells

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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