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a_anatomy > Lecture 33 - Mammalian teeth > Flashcards

Lecture 33 - Mammalian teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What does a higher metabolic rate allow for?

A

Higher rate of sustained activity

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2
Q

What is thecodonty?

A

Mammal’s teeth are anchored within bony sockets of the jaw

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3
Q

What is diphyodonty?

A

Mammals have two different sets of dentition

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4
Q

What are the two sets of dentition?

A

Milk drinking
– and –
Permanent

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5
Q

What is heterodonty?

A

Mammals have different teeth in different parts of the mouth that have different functions

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6
Q

What direction is mesial?

A

Towards anterior portion of the mouth

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7
Q

What is distal?

A

Towards posterior portion of the mouth

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8
Q

What is lingual?

A

Towards the tongue

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9
Q

What is buccal?

A

Towards the cheek

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10
Q

What is labial?

A

Towards the lips

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11
Q

What are the two regions of the tooth?

A

Crown and root

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12
Q

What covers the crown?

A

Enamel

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13
Q

What covers the root?

A

Cementum

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14
Q

What makes up most of the tooth?

A

Detine

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15
Q

What is within pulp?

A

Nerves and blood vessels

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16
Q

What do the nerves and vessels enter the tooth through?

A

Apical foramen

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17
Q

What is the boney socket in which the tooth is called?

A

Alveolus

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18
Q

What holds in the tooth?

A

Periodontal ligament

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19
Q

What are the four types of mammalian teeth?

A

Incisors - Canines - Premolars - Molars

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20
Q

What are molars for?

A

Fracturing

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21
Q

What are premolars for?

A

Fracturing

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22
Q

What are canines for?

A

Gripping

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23
Q

What are incisors used for?

A

Gripping and cracking

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24
Q

What is the dental formula for marsupials (metatherians)?

A

I5-C1-P3-M4

I4-C1-P3-M$

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25
Q

What is the dental formula for eutherians (placental mammals)?

A

I3-C1-P3-M4

same

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26
Q

What is the dental formula for dogs?

A

I3-C1-P4-M2

I3-C1-P4-M3

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27
Q

What is the dental formula for cats?

A

I3-C1-P3-M1

I3-C1-P2-M1

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28
Q

What are pigs dental formula?

A

Same as eutherians

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29
Q

What is polyphyodonty?

A

Teeth are constantly replaced

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30
Q

Where is the primordium of the permanent tooth located in relation to the deciduous tooth?

A

Lingual side

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31
Q

What part of the permanent tooth forms first?

A

Crown

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32
Q

What happens before the permanent tooth can push out the deciduous?

A

Root of the deciduous is resorbed

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33
Q

What pushes the permanent tooth up?

A

Formation of the root

34
Q

What is different about the formation of molars?

A

Only have permanent?

35
Q

Why is grip important?

A

Grasping food item and transferring to mouth

36
Q

Why do animals chew?

A

To fracture food

37
Q

What does soft food require from teeth?

A

Long slices

38
Q

What does tough shelled with soft contents require from teeth?

A

Puncturing and/or cracking of shell with little processing after

39
Q

What does softer shell with inner contents that require processing need from teeth?

A

Puncturing and/or cracking of shell with crushing/grinding of inner contents

40
Q

What does tough fibrous materials need for processing?

A

Large amount of grinding and maceration to break down cellulose

41
Q

What is imprecise occlusion?

A

Cusps of contact surface cheek teeth do not occlude accurately with each other

42
Q

What is precise occlusion?

A

Cheek teeth occlude precisely with each other in a proscribed manner that is associated directly with food processing

43
Q

What is different about carnivora teeth?

A

Upper teeth bite on buccal side of lower ones in shearing motion
Preludes lateral movement of the jaw
No grinding

44
Q

What are large incisors and canines for in carnivora?

A

For capturing prey and removing large chunks

45
Q

What are carnassial teeth?

A

Upper P4 and lower M1

46
Q

What are carnassial teeth used for?

A

Form two long blades that act like scissors to slice meat

47
Q

What is another name for carnassial teeth?

A

Sectorial teeth

48
Q

What are bunodont teeth?

A

Teeth that have low-rounded cusps

49
Q

What animals have bunodont teeth?

A

Gorilla and wild boar

50
Q

What happens as animal ages with bunodont teeth?

A

Create dentine pits or bowls which opposing cusps fit

51
Q

What has occurred with swine canines?

A

Have become tusks

52
Q

What is the function of tusks?

A

Fighting

53
Q

When do canines stop growing in sows?

A

2 years

54
Q

What are two adaptations of a herbivore diet?

A

Browsing and Grazing

55
Q

What is a browsing diet?

A

Woody dicot plants

56
Q

What is a grazing diet?

A

Primarily monocot plants

57
Q

What are lophodont teeth?

A

Teeth with ridges connecting molar cusps

58
Q

What are loxodont teeth?

A

Extreme lophodonty

59
Q

What animals have lophodont teeth?

A

Chinchillam Taprius

60
Q

What animals have loxodont teeth?

A

Mammoths and elephants

Some rodents

61
Q

What are selenodont teeth?

A

Teeth with long mesio-distal crescent

62
Q

What animal have selenodont teeth?

A

American bison

63
Q

What is brachydonty?

A

Low-crowned teeth

With longer roots

64
Q

What is hypsodonty?

A

High-crowned teeth with long crowns and short roots

65
Q

What is high amount of hypsodonty related to?

A

Exogenous grit in diet

66
Q

What is lacking in ruminants?

A

Upper incisors and canine

67
Q

What is lower canine called in ruminants?

A

Fourth incisor

68
Q

What is a diastema?

A

Space between anterior and cheek teeth

69
Q

What is the adaptation of the dental pad in browsers?

A

Narrower - allows for finer control of what food parts are consumed

70
Q

What is the adaptation of the dental pad in grazers?

A

Wide dental pad - Allows for cropping of more grass with each bite

71
Q

What is the structure of the decidous incisors of a newborn calf?

A

Enamel still surrounds the crown

72
Q

What happens to the teeth of a two year old ruminant?

A

I1 has been replaced

Distal border of I1 is slightly word, dentine is exposed

73
Q

What is the characteristics of tooth wear in a three and a half year old calf?

A

I1, 2, and 3 are permanent
I4 still deciduous
Occlusal surface of I2 - wider than I 3

74
Q

What is the characteristics of tooth wear in a eight year old ruminant?

A

Lingual edge of occlusal surgace of I1 and 2 is smooth

75
Q

What are the characteristics of the cheek teeth in ruminants?

A

Selenodont
Hypsodont
Increase in size distally

76
Q

What are the characteristics of a grazer’s incisors?

A

Hypsodont

Roots converge so upper and dental arcades form wide grasping surface

77
Q

What are the characteristics of canines in grazers?

A

usual only males
Large roots into maxillary sinus
Small crowns

78
Q

What are the characteristics of cheek teeth?

A

Selenodont

Complex enamel folding - florets

79
Q

What is a wolf tooth?

A

Upper P1 - often fails to develope

80
Q

What are dental caries?

A

Cavity formed in the enamel and dentine of the tooth

81
Q

What are the advantages of endothermy?

A

Exploit wider range of thermal environments

Mammals can have a higher basal metabolic rate

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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