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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 6: Opportunistic Fungi > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Opportunistic Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is pythium insidiosum found around world

A

tropical/subtropical areas

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2
Q

pythium species generally found as __pathogen

A

plant

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3
Q

Pythium insidiosum is an oomycete- what is that

A

water mold

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4
Q

pythium insidosum is a flagellated __ capable of invading __

A

zoospores, damaged epithelium

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5
Q

pythium insidosum commonly infects where on body

A

limbs/ abdomen, GI

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6
Q

what species is most commonly infected with Pythium insidiosum

A

horses

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7
Q

pythium insidiosum life cycle depends on ___to persist in the environment

A

plant infections

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8
Q

Important part of case hx for Pythium insidiosum is exposure to __

A

water/flooding

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9
Q

what is pathogenesis for pythium insidiosum

A
  1. zoospores adhere to damaged skin or ingested
  2. spores invade tissue via germ tube, eventually forming aseptate hyphae
  3. Hyphae extend into tissues, lymphatic, blood vessels and disseminate
  4. Tissue damage is a result of eosinophilic/ mast cell degranulation
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10
Q

what lesions are seen on horse with pythium insidiosum

A

granulomatous, ulcerative lesions of the limbs/ abdomen, sometimes enteric with crater like borders

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11
Q

pythium insidiosum is occasionally seen in ___dogs. __ and __ forms can occur

A

young dogs
Cutaneous and gastrointestinal forms

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12
Q

how do you dx pythium insidiosum

A
  1. Clinical hx-exposure to water
  2. Histology- PAS/GMS/ IHC
  3. PCR or MALDI
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13
Q

what is tx for pythium insidiosum

A

surgical debridement, immunotherapeutic vaccination, and amphotericin B

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14
Q

how do you prevent pythium insidosum

A

limit exposure to wet or swampy areas in endemic areas

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15
Q

sporothrix schenckii inhabits ___rich in organic matter

A

soil

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16
Q

sporothrix schenckii infection linked to contact with __ or __

A

plants or infected animals

17
Q

what is pathogenesis of sporothrix schenckii

A
  1. Inoculation of filamentous propgagules into skin
  2. Yeast form slowly disseminates via lymphoreticular system
18
Q

What is primary contact with sporothrix schenckii

A

mycelia in environment

19
Q

How is sporothrix schenckii horizontally transmitted

A

yeast forms from infected host

20
Q

what species is sporothrix schenckii most common in

A

cats

21
Q

what lesions are associated with sporothrix schenckii

A

primary nodular lesions and secondary ulcerative lesions with draining tracts

22
Q

how do you dx sporothrix schenckii

A
  1. Unresponsive to abx
  2. Impression smears
  3. PCR or maldi
23
Q

what is tx for sporothrix schenckii in cats and dogs

A

itraconazole

24
Q

what is tx for sporothrix schenckii in horses

A

systemic iodides

25
Q

how do you prevent sporothrix schenckii

A

indoor housing, neuter, proper PPE to prevent zoonosis

26
Q

pneumocystisi jirovecii was previously classified as Protozoa due to its __ and __ stages

A

sporozoite and trophozoite

27
Q

what are some breed predilections to pneumocystis jirovecii and what is it linked to

A

KCCS, dachshund, Arabian horses with links to immunodeficiencies

28
Q

what is the source of pneumocystis jirovecii

A

environmental source

29
Q

what is the infectious form of pneumocystis jirovecii

A

trophozoite

30
Q

what is the generative form of pneumocystis jirovecii in the host

A

sporozoites/cysts

31
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pneumocystis jirovecii

A
  1. Inhalation and trophozoite attachment to type I pneumocytes
  2. Cyst formation
32
Q

clinical disease from pneumocystis jirovecii is rare but __-are thought to serve as reservoirs

A

immunocompetent animals

33
Q

what species is pneumocystis jirovecii most common in

A

dogs

34
Q

what are some clinical signs of pneumocystis jirovecii

A

chronic respiratory symptoms- cough, tachypnea, dyspnea

35
Q

how do you dx pneumocystic jirovecii

A

BAL, histology/GMS/PAS, PCR

36
Q

what is tx for pneumocystis jirovecii

A

trimpethoprim-sulfa, low dose steroids

Microbiology 2 (7 decks)

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