Lecture 11: Herpesviruses Flashcards
What are the important herpesviruses for horses
EHV-1 and 4
what are the important herpesviruses for cows
BHV-1, OVH-2 (endemic MCF), AIHV1/2 (exotic MCF)
what are some important herpesviruses for chickens
- Infectious laryngotracheitis
- Marek’s disease
what are some important herpesviruses in swine
pseudorabies, porcine cytomegalovirus
what are some important herpesvirses for dogs
canine herpesvirus, pseudorabies
what are some important herpesviruses in cats
feline herpesvirus
what are some important herpesviruses in primates
herpes B virus, human herpesviruses
what herpesviruses are notifiable and FAD
- Cattle- AIHV1/2 (exotic MCF)
- Chickens- Marek’s disease
- Swine- pseudorabies
- Dogs- pseudorabies
- Primates- herpes B virus
what is histo finding of herpesviruses
intranuclear inclusion bodies
majority of adults with herpesviruses are __ infected and affects __interpretation
latently, test interpretation
what does EHV-1 cause
abortions (mild to late pregnancy)
CNS effects
Respiratory disease/early death in foals
what does EHV-4 cause
respiratory disease in foals and adults
how is EHV-1 and EHV-4 transmitted
direct and indirect via respiratory secretions, aborted fetus/placenta
what is a common sign of EHV-1 neurological disease
dog sitting
what is tissue/cell is damaged with EHV-1 neurological disease
CNS endothelial cell/vascular damage and resultant tissue hypoxia
what is tx for EHV
- Supportive- IV fluids
- Anti-inflammatories
- Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections
- Heparin
- Acyclovir, valacylovir
how do you prevent EHV
- Isolation/restricting movement of affected animals or new introductions
- Vaccinations
what is vaccination protocol for foals for EHV
4-6 months followed by booster in 1 month
Q6 months until 5 years of age
what is vaccine protocol for EHV in pregnant mares
q2 months using inactivated vaccine
BHV-1 aka __
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
BHV-1 is part of __ complex
bovine respiratory disease complex
what does BHV-1 cause
abortions, conjunctivitis
what is cause of endemic MCF
OVH-2
what is the cause of exotic MCF
alcelaphine herpesvirus 1/2
what are some signs of BHV-1/IBR
- Abortion mid gestation
- Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis
how is IBR/BHV-1 transmitted
- Direct contact with infected/asymptomatic
- Stressful events
what are some signs of MCF caused by OHV-2
excessive discharge of mucus in URT, corneal edema
what species is commonly asymptomatically infected with OHV-2
sheep
t or f: aerosol transmission over long distances of OVH-2/MCF is possible
true
OHV-2/MCF is fatal in __, _, and __
bison, deer and antelope
what is the cause of exotic malignant catarrhal fever, who is typically infected
alcelaphine herpesvirus 1/2
Common in African wildebeest
t or f: endemic and exotic MCF are clinically indistinguishable
true
what are some signs of endemic and exotic MCF
sudden death in bison and deer
Hemorrhagic diarrhea and hematuria
High fever
Panopthalmitis
how are bovine herpesviruses dx
serology (rising titers)
what is tx for BHV
antimicrobials targeting secondary infections
what vaccines are available for BHV
IM and intranasal
IM vaccines may cause __
abortion in pregnant cattle
when do you vaccine calves for BHV
6-8 months, before breeding, q1yr
when do you vaccinate cattle for BHV before feedlot entry
2-3wks prior to feedlot entry
what is the only control mechanism for MCF
isolation/separation
FHV-1 aka __
feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR)
what does FHV-1 cause
upper respiratory tract infections in young cats
t or f: steroids in cats with FHV1 may reactivate latent infections
true
how do you dx FHV-1
PCR, FA
what are some clinical signs of canine herpesvirus 1
lethargy, hemorrhagic disease
STD in older animals +/- URT infections
What organ system does CHV-1 target
circulatory
Who does infectious laryngotracheitis infect
chickens
what are some signs of acute infectious laryngotracheitis
severe dyspnea, coughing
what are some signs of subacute infectious laryngotracheitis
nasal/ocular discharge, anorexia/lethargy, decreased egg production
from chicken who was euthanized due to severe dyspnea and coughing. What wrong
infectious laryngotracheitis
what strains of Marek’s diseases are virulent vs a virulent
MDV-1- virulent strain
MDV 2/3: a virulent strain
Mareks disease 3 infects who
herpesvirus of turkeys
Marek’s virus can survive for months in __
feather dander
mareks disease targets what cells, producing __
T cells (WBCs), neoplastic cells
what does the neural form of mareks disease target
peripheral nerves (sciatic) and CNS
what does the visceral form of mareks disease target
internal organs and feather follicles
chicken presents with inability to walk, fly, extreme dyspnea. What wrong
Neural form of mareks disease
chicken presents with lethargy, dyspnea, nasal discharge. Euthanized and saw these lesions. What wrong
mareks disease, visceral form
what wrong
Mareks disease, ocular form
how do you dx herpesvirus of chickens
clinical signs and history, gross pathology, PCR
what is tx for herpesviruses of chickens
culling affected animals
how do you prevent and control herpesviruses of chickens
- Biosecurity
- Genetic resistance
- Vaccination
what is the reservoir species for pseudorabies
swine
what is the difference between reservoirs and dead end hosts for pseudorabies
reservoir hosts- pigs- age associated survival and symptoms
Other species: 2-3 day survival, pruritus, CNS signs
what is the pathogenesis of pseudorabies in swine
- Oral exposure
- Viral replication in oropharyngeal epithelium
- Spread to regional LN via lymphatics
- Spread to CNS via PNS
- Latency established in trigeminal ganglion
what are some clinical signs of pseudorabies in neonatal pigs
100% fatal, CNS presentation
what are some signs of pseudorabies in weaned pigs
respiratory, high fever
what are some signs of pseudorabies in older pigs
low mortality, variable respiratory and CNS presentations, abortions
how do you tx and control pseudorabies
- Depopulation
- All in, all out
- Vaccination
what does porcine cytomegalovirus cause
inclusion body rhinitis and conjunctivitis
signs of porcine cytomegalovirus is most apparently in __pigs
neonatal
adenoviruses drive cell into what phase
S phase (DNA synthesis)
What are some clinical signs of canine adenovirus 1
- Conjunctivitis
- Blue eye
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is blue eyes from canine adenovirus 1
type 3 hypersensitivity
how is canine adenovirus 1 transmitted
saliva, urine, feces
t or f: CAV-1 MLV vaccines may cause blue eye
true
how do you prevent canine adenovirus -1
DHLPP vaccine incorporates CAV-2 which cross-protects against CAV-1
what is egg drop syndrome ‘76
duck andenovirus-1
what do the eggs look like in duck adenovirus 1
pale eggs—> soft eggs—> shell less eggs (no drop in production)
how do you control egg drop syndrome
biosecurity, cleaning litter and eggs
what wrong
egg drop syndrome ‘76- duck adenovirus-1
How do adenoviruses replicate and how can we make use of adenoviruses in medicine
They induce the cell to divide by activating suppressor genes and are released by cytolysis. Some can result in latent infections
Adenoviruses can be modified to target very specific cell types and only those which are dividing= chemotherapy uses
why is CAV-2 used in routine vaccines if CAV-1 is more severe
CAV-1 vaccinations can cause disease and CAV-2 has some cross-protection
