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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 11: Herpesviruses > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Herpesviruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important herpesviruses for horses

A

EHV-1 and 4

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2
Q

what are the important herpesviruses for cows

A

BHV-1, OVH-2 (endemic MCF), AIHV1/2 (exotic MCF)

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3
Q

what are some important herpesviruses for chickens

A
  1. Infectious laryngotracheitis
  2. Marek’s disease
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4
Q

what are some important herpesviruses in swine

A

pseudorabies, porcine cytomegalovirus

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5
Q

what are some important herpesvirses for dogs

A

canine herpesvirus, pseudorabies

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6
Q

what are some important herpesviruses in cats

A

feline herpesvirus

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7
Q

what are some important herpesviruses in primates

A

herpes B virus, human herpesviruses

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8
Q

what herpesviruses are notifiable and FAD

A
  1. Cattle- AIHV1/2 (exotic MCF)
  2. Chickens- Marek’s disease
  3. Swine- pseudorabies
  4. Dogs- pseudorabies
  5. Primates- herpes B virus
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9
Q

what is histo finding of herpesviruses

A

intranuclear inclusion bodies

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10
Q

majority of adults with herpesviruses are __ infected and affects __interpretation

A

latently, test interpretation

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11
Q

what does EHV-1 cause

A

abortions (mild to late pregnancy)
CNS effects
Respiratory disease/early death in foals

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12
Q

what does EHV-4 cause

A

respiratory disease in foals and adults

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13
Q

how is EHV-1 and EHV-4 transmitted

A

direct and indirect via respiratory secretions, aborted fetus/placenta

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14
Q

what is a common sign of EHV-1 neurological disease

A

dog sitting

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15
Q

what is tissue/cell is damaged with EHV-1 neurological disease

A

CNS endothelial cell/vascular damage and resultant tissue hypoxia

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16
Q

what is tx for EHV

A
  1. Supportive- IV fluids
  2. Anti-inflammatories
  3. Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections
  4. Heparin
  5. Acyclovir, valacylovir
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17
Q

how do you prevent EHV

A
  1. Isolation/restricting movement of affected animals or new introductions
  2. Vaccinations
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18
Q

what is vaccination protocol for foals for EHV

A

4-6 months followed by booster in 1 month

Q6 months until 5 years of age

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19
Q

what is vaccine protocol for EHV in pregnant mares

A

q2 months using inactivated vaccine

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20
Q

BHV-1 aka __

A

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

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21
Q

BHV-1 is part of __ complex

A

bovine respiratory disease complex

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22
Q

what does BHV-1 cause

A

abortions, conjunctivitis

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23
Q

what is cause of endemic MCF

A

OVH-2

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24
Q

what is the cause of exotic MCF

A

alcelaphine herpesvirus 1/2

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25
what are some signs of BHV-1/IBR
1. Abortion mid gestation 2. Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis
26
how is IBR/BHV-1 transmitted
1. Direct contact with infected/asymptomatic 2. Stressful events
27
what are some signs of MCF caused by OHV-2
excessive discharge of mucus in URT, corneal edema
28
what species is commonly asymptomatically infected with OHV-2
sheep
29
t or f: aerosol transmission over long distances of OVH-2/MCF is possible
true
30
OHV-2/MCF is fatal in __, _, and __
bison, deer and antelope
31
what is the cause of exotic malignant catarrhal fever, who is typically infected
alcelaphine herpesvirus 1/2 Common in African wildebeest
32
t or f: endemic and exotic MCF are clinically indistinguishable
true
33
what are some signs of endemic and exotic MCF
sudden death in bison and deer Hemorrhagic diarrhea and hematuria High fever Panopthalmitis
34
how are bovine herpesviruses dx
serology (rising titers)
35
what is tx for BHV
antimicrobials targeting secondary infections
36
what vaccines are available for BHV
IM and intranasal
37
IM vaccines may cause __
abortion in pregnant cattle
38
when do you vaccine calves for BHV
6-8 months, before breeding, q1yr
39
when do you vaccinate cattle for BHV before feedlot entry
2-3wks prior to feedlot entry
40
what is the only control mechanism for MCF
isolation/separation
41
FHV-1 aka __
feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR)
42
what does FHV-1 cause
upper respiratory tract infections in young cats
43
t or f: steroids in cats with FHV1 may reactivate latent infections
true
44
how do you dx FHV-1
PCR, FA
45
what are some clinical signs of canine herpesvirus 1
lethargy, hemorrhagic disease STD in older animals +/- URT infections
46
What organ system does CHV-1 target
circulatory
47
Who does infectious laryngotracheitis infect
chickens
48
what are some signs of acute infectious laryngotracheitis
severe dyspnea, coughing
49
what are some signs of subacute infectious laryngotracheitis
nasal/ocular discharge, anorexia/lethargy, decreased egg production
50
from chicken who was euthanized due to severe dyspnea and coughing. What wrong
infectious laryngotracheitis
51
what strains of Marek’s diseases are virulent vs a virulent
MDV-1- virulent strain MDV 2/3: a virulent strain
52
Mareks disease 3 infects who
herpesvirus of turkeys
53
Marek’s virus can survive for months in __
feather dander
54
mareks disease targets what cells, producing __
T cells (WBCs), neoplastic cells
55
what does the neural form of mareks disease target
peripheral nerves (sciatic) and CNS
56
what does the visceral form of mareks disease target
internal organs and feather follicles
57
chicken presents with inability to walk, fly, extreme dyspnea. What wrong
Neural form of mareks disease
58
chicken presents with lethargy, dyspnea, nasal discharge. Euthanized and saw these lesions. What wrong
mareks disease, visceral form
59
what wrong
Mareks disease, ocular form
60
how do you dx herpesvirus of chickens
clinical signs and history, gross pathology, PCR
61
what is tx for herpesviruses of chickens
culling affected animals
62
how do you prevent and control herpesviruses of chickens
1. Biosecurity 2. Genetic resistance 3. Vaccination
63
what is the reservoir species for pseudorabies
swine
64
what is the difference between reservoirs and dead end hosts for pseudorabies
reservoir hosts- pigs- age associated survival and symptoms Other species: 2-3 day survival, pruritus, CNS signs
65
what is the pathogenesis of pseudorabies in swine
1. Oral exposure 2. Viral replication in oropharyngeal epithelium 3. Spread to regional LN via lymphatics 4. Spread to CNS via PNS 5. Latency established in trigeminal ganglion
66
what are some clinical signs of pseudorabies in neonatal pigs
100% fatal, CNS presentation
67
what are some signs of pseudorabies in weaned pigs
respiratory, high fever
68
what are some signs of pseudorabies in older pigs
low mortality, variable respiratory and CNS presentations, abortions
69
how do you tx and control pseudorabies
1. Depopulation 2. All in, all out 3. Vaccination
70
what does porcine cytomegalovirus cause
inclusion body rhinitis and conjunctivitis
71
signs of porcine cytomegalovirus is most apparently in __pigs
neonatal
72
adenoviruses drive cell into what phase
S phase (DNA synthesis)
73
What are some clinical signs of canine adenovirus 1
1. Conjunctivitis 2. Blue eye
74
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is blue eyes from canine adenovirus 1
type 3 hypersensitivity
75
how is canine adenovirus 1 transmitted
saliva, urine, feces
76
t or f: CAV-1 MLV vaccines may cause blue eye
true
77
how do you prevent canine adenovirus -1
DHLPP vaccine incorporates CAV-2 which cross-protects against CAV-1
78
what is egg drop syndrome ‘76
duck andenovirus-1
79
what do the eggs look like in duck adenovirus 1
pale eggs—> soft eggs—> shell less eggs (no drop in production)
80
how do you control egg drop syndrome
biosecurity, cleaning litter and eggs
81
what wrong
egg drop syndrome ‘76- duck adenovirus-1
82
How do adenoviruses replicate and how can we make use of adenoviruses in medicine
They induce the cell to divide by activating suppressor genes and are released by cytolysis. Some can result in latent infections Adenoviruses can be modified to target very specific cell types and only those which are dividing= chemotherapy uses
83
why is CAV-2 used in routine vaccines if CAV-1 is more severe
CAV-1 vaccinations can cause disease and CAV-2 has some cross-protection

Microbiology 2 (27 decks)

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