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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 5: Systemic/Endemic Mycoses > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Systemic/Endemic Mycoses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biphasic/dimorphic fungi causing ___

A

pulmonary +/- systemic disease

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2
Q

what are 3 important systemic/endemic pathogens

A
  1. Coccidodes immitis/posadassi
  2. Blastomyces dermatidis
  3. Histoplasma capsulatum
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3
Q

what does endemic mean

A

restricted by geographic location

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4
Q

Coccidiodes immitis and posadassi are more __than dimorphic

A

biphasic

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5
Q

what structure of coccidiodes immitis forms within host

A

spherules

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6
Q

what structure of coccidiodes immitis forms within environment

A

arthroconidia

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7
Q

coccidiodes immitis- identify 1-2

A
  1. Spherules
  2. Arthroconidia
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8
Q

What this structure called and what pathogen

A

Spherules
Coccidiodes immitis

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9
Q

what are mycelia and hyphae of C. Immitis

A

alternating barrel shaped arthroscopes/arthroconidia and disjunction cells that facilitate fragmentation

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10
Q

mycelia and hyphae are a saprophytic structure in __

A

nature

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11
Q

how is C. Immitis transmitted

A

aerosols, dust storms primary mechanism of aerosolization

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12
Q

t or f: c. Immitis is not communicable

A

true

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13
Q

what species most common gets C. Immitis

A

dogs, especially large breeds and humans

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14
Q

what is pathogenesis of C. Immitis

A

following inhalation exposure of arthroconidia coccidiodes forms spherules

Spherules mature, rupture and can disseminate to other organs

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15
Q

what are some clinical presentations of C. Immitis for healthy and immunocompromised patients

A

pulmonary infection common- ranges from asymptomatic to severe

Disseminated disease seen in immunocompromised patients- spreads to bones, joints, eyes, GI, skin

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16
Q

how do you dx C. Immitis

A
  1. History
  2. Serology (>25% dogs have titers)
  3. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage: spherules on cytology
  4. Periodic acid shiff-giant cells with spherules
  5. Culture
17
Q

what is tx for C. Immitis

A
  1. Triazoles- fluconazole, itraconazole
  2. Amphotericin B or nikkomycin
18
Q

how do you prevent/ control C. Immitis

A
  1. Recent vaccine trials show promise
  2. Limit outdoor activity on days following heavy rains/dust storms
  3. Reduce dust
19
Q

where is histoplasma capsulatum found in U.S.

A

eastern u.s. primarily Ohio and Mississippi River valleys

20
Q

how is H. Capsulatum transmitted

A

aerosol +/- ingestion of macroconidium

21
Q

H. Capsulatum are soil dwelling fungi especially soil enriched with __ or __-

A

bird droppings, bat guano

22
Q

t or F: histoplasma capsulatum is not horizontally or zoonotically transmissible

A

true

23
Q

disseminated disease from H. Capsulatum is seen in ___animals

A

immunosuppressed

24
Q

what are some signs of h. Capsulatum in dogs

A

lack of appetite, diarrhea

25
Q

how do you dx H. Capsulatum

A
  1. Direct microscopic examination of yeast in histologic sections
  2. PCR
  3. Culture
  4. Serology
26
Q

what is tx for H. Capsulatum

A
  1. Itraconazole
  2. Disseminated disease and chronic pulmonary: itraconazole and amphotericin B
27
Q

how do you prevent H. Capsulatum

A

limit exposure to soils contaminated with bird feces

28
Q

where is blastomyces dermatidis found in environment and U.S.

A

feces enriched soils around Ohio and Mississippi River valley

29
Q

what is morphology of blastomyces dermatitis

A

broad based budding yeast

30
Q

What pathogen is this

A

Blastomyces dermatidis

31
Q

what species is blastomyces dermatidis seen in

A

dogs, sporting breeds

32
Q

t or f: blastomyces dermatidis is nontransmissble

A

true

33
Q

hematogenous spread of blastomyces dermatidis results in ___

A

skin, kidney, vertebral/ skeletal and male reproductive lesions, forming granuloma

34
Q

what is the clinical presentation of blastomyces dermatidis: acute and chronic, and disseminated disease

A

acute and chronic pulmonary disease

Disseminated disease: skin lesions

35
Q

what is tx for blastomyces dermatidis

A

itraconazole, may be combined with amphotericin B

36
Q

CNS involvement from, blastomyces dermatidis carries __prognosis

A

poorest

Microbiology 2 (7 decks)

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