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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 1: Introduction to Veterinary Mycology > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction to Veterinary Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycotoxicosis

A

Intoxication with fungal byproducts that may contaminate feed

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2
Q

Alfatoxins and ergot alkaloid are examples of ___

A

Mycotoxins

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3
Q

What are the 3 phyla of fungi with veterinary importance

A
  1. Ascomycota
  2. Basidomycota
  3. Zygomycota
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4
Q

What predisposes an animal to fungal invasion

A
  1. Immunosuppression
  2. Prolonged antibiotic therapy
  3. Traumatized tissue
  4. Persistent moisture/poor ventilation
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5
Q

T or F: fungi are eukaryotes

A

True

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6
Q

What are the 2 basic morphological forms of fungi

A
  1. Yeast- round to oval cell often with budding cells
  2. Mold- filamentous, multicellular body organisms
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7
Q

Identify which is yeast vs mold

A

left: yeast
Right: mold

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8
Q

What are 2 important cell membrane components of fungi

A
  1. Ergosterol
  2. Chitin
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9
Q

What is the predominant sterol in cell membrane of fungi

A

Ergosterol

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10
Q

What drugs target the Ergosterol of fungi

A

Amphotericin B and azoles

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11
Q

What is chitin

A

Polysaccharide providing cell wall rigidity

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12
Q

What specific fungal structure does the yeast cryptococcus have

A

Encapsulated

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13
Q

What specific fungal structure does the yeast Candida albicans

A

Germ tubes as well as pseudohyphae

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14
Q

What are dimorphic fungi and what is an example

A

Temperature dependent switch between yeast (37 C) and mold (25 C)

Ex: histoplasma

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15
Q

Identify the fungal yeast structures 1-3 and provide examples of yeasts that have those structures

A
  1. Encapsulated (ex: cryptococcus)
  2. Germ tubes (ex: Candida albicans)
  3. Pseudohyphae (ex: Candida albicans)
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16
Q

Based on the morphology, what type of yeast is this

A

cryptococcus

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17
Q

Based on the morphology, what type of yeast is this

A

candida

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18
Q

What are hyphae

A

Long filament or strand of cells +/- septa

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19
Q

What is a mycelium

A

Mat of hyphae

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20
Q

Is aspergillus septate or non-septate

A

Septate

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21
Q

Is rhizopus and mucor septate or non-septate

A

Non-septate

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22
Q

What are sporangiospores

A

An asexual spore type produced within a sporangium

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23
Q

What is a sporangiphore

A

Stalk upon which the sporangium sits

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24
Q

Label the fungal structures 1-3

A
  1. Sporangia/um
  2. Sporangiophore
  3. sporiangiospores
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25
Q

What are conidia

A

An asexual spore type that is open and not enclosed in a sporangium

26
Q

What is a conidiophore

A

Bears the vesicle, metula and Philade with conidia

27
Q

What type of spore type is this

28
Q

What type of spore type is this

A

sporangiospore

29
Q

Identify 1-5

A
  1. Vesicle
  2. Conidiophore
  3. Conidia
  4. Phialide
  5. Hyphae
30
Q

What is this

A

aspergillus

31
Q

What are macroconida

A

Large conidia with identifiable structures

32
Q

What are microconidia

A

Small conidia, less specific

33
Q

micro or macro conidia

34
Q

Micro or macro conidia

35
Q

What this

A

microsporum

36
Q

What this

A

Trichophyton

37
Q

What are blastoconidia/ blastospores

A

Budding yeast

38
Q

What type of conidia is this

A

Blastoconidia/ blastospores

39
Q

What type of conidia is this

A

arthroconidia

40
Q

What type of conidia does coccidiodes immitis have

A

Arthroconidia

41
Q

What are the 2 ways for spores to undergo asexual reproduction

A
  1. Sporangiospores- within sporangium
  2. Conidia- from conidiophore
42
Q

What classifies a fungal disease as Mycoses

A

Granulomas +/- necrosis +/- abscess formation

43
Q

What classifies a fungal disease as mycotoxicoses

A

Intoxication and tissue damage, not an active infection and not a mycosis

44
Q

What classifies a fungal disease as a hypersensitivity

A

Allergic pneumonitis, etc. may occur but are not classified as mycoses or mycotoxicoses

45
Q

What classifies as fungal disease as superficial. what are some examples

A

Typically involved skin, hair, nails (ex: microsporum and other dermatophytes)

46
Q

What classifies a fungal disease as subcutaneous. what are some examples

A

Deep dermal, often resulting from trauma
(Ex: sporothrix and mycetomas)

47
Q

What classifies a fungal disease as opportunistic. what are some examples

A

Seen in immunocompromised patients (ex: mucocutaneous candidiasis, cryptococcosis)

48
Q

What classifies a fungal disease as systemic/endemic. what are some examples

A

Severe, often regionally distributed (ex: coccidiodes, blastomyces, histoplasma)

49
Q

What is an endothrix infection

A

Fungal invasionto the surface of the hair shaft, intact cuticle

50
Q

What is an ectothrix infection

A

Fungal attachment of hair shaft, cuticle degrading

51
Q

Which fluoresces under Wood’s lamp: endothrix or ectothrix

52
Q

Endothrix and ectothrix infections are classified as what type of fungal disease

A

Superficial mycoses

53
Q

Most fungi are obligate ___

54
Q

What are the temperature requirements for fungi to grow

A

Ambient (25 C), +/- body temperature

55
Q

Most fungi can handle high ___conditions and pH < __

A

Osmotic, <5

56
Q

What is a common fungal media that inhibits bacterial growth

A

Sabaroud dextrose

57
Q

Which grows faster: yeast or mold

58
Q

What is required to ID yeast

A

Biochemical +/- molecular ID (MALDI, PCR)

59
Q

What is required to ID mold

A

Based on structure +/- molecular ID

60
Q

What are some ways to exam yeast or mold under microscope

A
  1. Tape preparation
  2. Stained tissue
61
Q

What is used for tape preparation

A

Lactophenol cotton blue

62
Q

What tissue stains can be used on mold and yeasts

Microbiology 2 (24 decks)

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