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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 17: Caliciviruses and coronaviruses > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Caliciviruses and coronaviruses Flashcards

1
Q

what is structure for calciviruses

A

naked, + sense ssRNA viruses

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2
Q

what conditions does calcivirus cause

A

respiratory disease, vesicular lesions

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3
Q

most calcivirus infections are persistent but __

A

inapparent, mild, acute

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4
Q

how did pigs originally become infected with vesicular exathema of swine

A

feeding pigs uncooked swill containing meat from infected marine mammals

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5
Q

what are some signs of vesicular exathema of swine

A

fever, lameness, vesicles

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6
Q

how do you dx vesicular exathema of swine

A

virus isolation or RT-PCR

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7
Q

how do you control vesicular swine exathema

A

cooking of swill

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8
Q

feline calicvirus causes __in cats

A

URT disease

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9
Q

acute disease from feline calciviruses occurs most commonly in __

A

kittens as maternal antibodies wane

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10
Q

where is feline calicivirus shed

A

oropharyngeal secretions

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11
Q

how is feline calicivirus transmitted

A

direct contact with secretions or contaminated fomites

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12
Q

what is pathogenesis of feline calicivirus

A
  1. Replication in oropharynx with rapid spread through URT and conjunctiva
  2. URT signs: sneezing, nasal congestion, discharge, conjunctivitis
  3. Cats develop oral or nasal ulcers
  4. Associated with chronic gingivitis and stomatitis
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13
Q

Cat presents with upper respiratory signs, severe gingivitis- what likely cause

A

feline calicivirus

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14
Q

what does feline calcivirus cause in young kittens

A

interstitial pneumonia

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15
Q

what strain of feline calicivirus is more common in adult cats with mortality rate ~50%

A

virulent systemic disease strain of feline calcivirus

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16
Q

older cat presents with respiratory signs, sloughing of paw pads, limb edema. What is likely dx

A

feline calcivirus- virulent systemic disease

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17
Q

how do you dx feline calicivirus

A
  1. URT signs and ulcers
  2. Virus isolation from oropharyngeal swabs
  3. PRC or serology
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18
Q

what is tx and control for feline calcivirus

A
  1. Support care
  2. Good hygiene/ sanitation
  3. Vaccine
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19
Q

coronaviruses infect __ or __ in animals

A

URT or GIT

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20
Q

What are the two common genera of coronaviruses

A

alpha coronaviruses, betacoronaviruses

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21
Q

gamma coronaviruses and delta coronaviruses mainly infect __ and __

A

birds, few mammals

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22
Q

what is structure for coronavirus

A

enveloped, + sense ssRNA

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23
Q

how do coronaviruses attach to host cells

A

spike glycoproteins

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24
Q

do coronaviruses encode their own RdRp or use host cell RdRp

A

encode their own RdRp (unique since most + sense ssRNA viruses dont need to)

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25
what are important replication steps of coronaviruses
1. Envelope glycoproteins attach to host via spike glycoproteins 2. Use RdRp to go from +ssRNA to dsRNA
26
what are the 2 bio types fo feline coronavirus
1. Feline enteric coronavirus 2. Feline infectious peritonitis virus
27
what does feline enteric coronavirus cause
enteritis- mild, self limiting diarrhea
28
feline enteric coronavirus can mutate and result in __
Feline infectious peritonitis virus causing FIP
29
how is feline enteric coronavirus spread
fecal-oral
30
what is pathogenesis of Feline coroanvirus- both FECV and FIPV
1. Infection and replication with FECV within enterocytes- clinical or Subclinical infection, protective immunity and elimination of virus 2. FECV can undergo spike protein mutations leading to FIPV strain 3. FIPV preferentially infects macrophages (not enterocytes) 4. Viral spread throughout body 5. If replication not contained by good immune response, B cells are activated producing antibodies that form immune complexes 6. Lead to immune complex vasculitis
31
what are the two main forms of FIP
1. Wet or effusive FIP 2. Dry or non-effusive FIP
32
what are some signs of wet or effusive FIP
accumulation of clear-yellowish fluid in abdominal cavity or chest due to vasculitis, difficulty breathing, jaundice, diarrhea
33
what are some signs of dry or non-effusive FIP
chronic inflammatory lesions, pyogranulomatous inflamamtion Commonly infects eyes and brain
34
how do you dx FIP
1. Histopathology/IHC 2. Rivalta test: Analysis of pleural or peritoneal fluid revealing high protein content 3. RT-PCR 4. IFA or ELISA
35
cat presents with difficulty breathing, jaundice, and abdominal fluid, perform abdominocentesis- and perform this test- what test is it and what does it tell you
rivalta test- drop retaining shape= supportive of FIP
36
t or f: IFA and ELISA for FIP, antibodies are not specific for FIP
true
37
T or f: FIP is lethal without therapy
true
38
what is tx and control for FIP
1. Remdesivir- inhibits corona viral replication Minimize exposure, reduce stress, good hygiene
39
transmissible gastroenteritis is highly contagious disease of __
pigs
40
how is transmissible gastroenteritis transmitted
Feco-oral
41
what age of pigs does transmissible gastroenteritis typically infect
Piglets under 3 weeks, high mortality rate
42
what is pathogenesis of transmissible gastroenteritis
1. Replication in enterocytes in SI 2. Villus atrophy 3. Disrupts nutrient/water absorption
43
what are some signs of transmissible gastroenteritis
vomiting, diarrhea in piglets, dehydration, weight loss, death
44
piglet died from extreme vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration. What likely cause
transmissible gastroenteritis
45
how do you dx transmissible gastroenteritis
1. Sudden onset and spread of diarrhea supportive 2. RT-PCR- detect virus antigen in feces 3. Serology and IHC
46
how do you tx and control transmissible gastroenteritis
1. Fluid therapy 2, disinfect 3. Deliberate exposure of pregnant sows during acute outbreak (transfer maternal Ab’s) 4. Vaccines
47
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from less __
severe
48
where does replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus occur
epithelial cells of SI/colon, shortening villi
49
what is main sign of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
water diarrhea
50
Porcine respiratory coronavirus is non-pathogenic variant of TGEV due to __ of TGEV
deletion mutant
51
how is porcine respiratory coronavirus spread
aerosol and direct contact
52
t or f: porcine respiratory coronavirus Subclinical
true
53
__ and __ has been show effective in elimination of porcine respiratory coronavirus
early weaning and segregation
54
what pig virus aggulinates RBC’s
porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
55
how is porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis spread
shed in nasal secretions and transmitted by aerosols
56
what age group of pigs develop signs of porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis
newborn and young piglets <4weeks
57
what is pathogenesis of porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis
1. Local replication in respiratory and GIT 2. Spreads via PNA to medulla oblongata and other portions of CNS 3, viral damage to agal sensory ganglion and intramural plexus of stomach 4. Leads to vomiting and delayed gastric emptying
58
what are some signs of clinical disease in young piglets with porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis
vomiting, wasting, dehydration. Acute encephalomyelitis (incoordination, convulsions)
59
how do you dx porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis
1. Virus isolation from brain stem 2. RT-PCR 3. Serology- virus neutralization or HI tests
60
what is tx and control for porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis
euthanasia of infected pigs Measures to prevent introduction Exposure gilts before breeding
61
canine coronaviruses causes what
mild gastroenteritis, diarrhea
62
equine coronavirus causes what
gastroenteritis
63
bovine coronavirus causes what
profuse or bloody diarrhea in calves, mild respiratory infections
64
What does infectious bronchitis cause (avian coronavirus)
infectious bronchitis, decreased egg production, nephritis
65
What does turkey coronavirus cause
gastroenteritis

Microbiology 2 (27 decks)

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