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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 17: Caliciviruses and coronaviruses > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Caliciviruses and coronaviruses Flashcards

1
Q

what is structure for calciviruses

A

naked, + sense ssRNA viruses

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2
Q

what conditions does calcivirus cause

A

respiratory disease, vesicular lesions

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3
Q

most calcivirus infections are persistent but __

A

inapparent, mild, acute

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4
Q

how did pigs originally become infected with vesicular exathema of swine

A

feeding pigs uncooked swill containing meat from infected marine mammals

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5
Q

what are some signs of vesicular exathema of swine

A

fever, lameness, vesicles

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6
Q

how do you dx vesicular exathema of swine

A

virus isolation or RT-PCR

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7
Q

how do you control vesicular swine exathema

A

cooking of swill

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8
Q

feline calicvirus causes __in cats

A

URT disease

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9
Q

acute disease from feline calciviruses occurs most commonly in __

A

kittens as maternal antibodies wane

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10
Q

where is feline calicivirus shed

A

oropharyngeal secretions

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11
Q

how is feline calicivirus transmitted

A

direct contact with secretions or contaminated fomites

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12
Q

what is pathogenesis of feline calicivirus

A
  1. Replication in oropharynx with rapid spread through URT and conjunctiva
  2. URT signs: sneezing, nasal congestion, discharge, conjunctivitis
  3. Cats develop oral or nasal ulcers
  4. Associated with chronic gingivitis and stomatitis
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13
Q

Cat presents with upper respiratory signs, severe gingivitis- what likely cause

A

feline calicivirus

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14
Q

what does feline calcivirus cause in young kittens

A

interstitial pneumonia

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15
Q

what strain of feline calicivirus is more common in adult cats with mortality rate ~50%

A

virulent systemic disease strain of feline calcivirus

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16
Q

older cat presents with respiratory signs, sloughing of paw pads, limb edema. What is likely dx

A

feline calcivirus- virulent systemic disease

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17
Q

how do you dx feline calicivirus

A
  1. URT signs and ulcers
  2. Virus isolation from oropharyngeal swabs
  3. PRC or serology
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18
Q

what is tx and control for feline calcivirus

A
  1. Support care
  2. Good hygiene/ sanitation
  3. Vaccine
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19
Q

coronaviruses infect __ or __ in animals

A

URT or GIT

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20
Q

What are the two common genera of coronaviruses

A

alpha coronaviruses, betacoronaviruses

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21
Q

gamma coronaviruses and delta coronaviruses mainly infect __ and __

A

birds, few mammals

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22
Q

what is structure for coronavirus

A

enveloped, + sense ssRNA

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23
Q

how do coronaviruses attach to host cells

A

spike glycoproteins

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24
Q

do coronaviruses encode their own RdRp or use host cell RdRp

A

encode their own RdRp (unique since most + sense ssRNA viruses dont need to)

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25
Q

what are important replication steps of coronaviruses

A
  1. Envelope glycoproteins attach to host via spike glycoproteins
  2. Use RdRp to go from +ssRNA to dsRNA
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26
Q

what are the 2 bio types fo feline coronavirus

A
  1. Feline enteric coronavirus
  2. Feline infectious peritonitis virus
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27
Q

what does feline enteric coronavirus cause

A

enteritis- mild, self limiting diarrhea

28
Q

feline enteric coronavirus can mutate and result in __

A

Feline infectious peritonitis virus causing FIP

29
Q

how is feline enteric coronavirus spread

A

fecal-oral

30
Q

what is pathogenesis of Feline coroanvirus- both FECV and FIPV

A
  1. Infection and replication with FECV within enterocytes- clinical or Subclinical infection, protective immunity and elimination of virus
  2. FECV can undergo spike protein mutations leading to FIPV strain
  3. FIPV preferentially infects macrophages (not enterocytes)
  4. Viral spread throughout body
  5. If replication not contained by good immune response, B cells are activated producing antibodies that form immune complexes
  6. Lead to immune complex vasculitis
31
Q

what are the two main forms of FIP

A
  1. Wet or effusive FIP
  2. Dry or non-effusive FIP
32
Q

what are some signs of wet or effusive FIP

A

accumulation of clear-yellowish fluid in abdominal cavity or chest due to vasculitis, difficulty breathing, jaundice, diarrhea

33
Q

what are some signs of dry or non-effusive FIP

A

chronic inflammatory lesions, pyogranulomatous inflamamtion

Commonly infects eyes and brain

34
Q

how do you dx FIP

A
  1. Histopathology/IHC
  2. Rivalta test: Analysis of pleural or peritoneal fluid revealing high protein content
  3. RT-PCR
  4. IFA or ELISA
35
Q

cat presents with difficulty breathing, jaundice, and abdominal fluid, perform abdominocentesis- and perform this test- what test is it and what does it tell you

A

rivalta test- drop retaining shape= supportive of FIP

36
Q

t or f: IFA and ELISA for FIP, antibodies are not specific for FIP

37
Q

T or f: FIP is lethal without therapy

38
Q

what is tx and control for FIP

A
  1. Remdesivir- inhibits corona viral replication

Minimize exposure, reduce stress, good hygiene

39
Q

transmissible gastroenteritis is highly contagious disease of __

40
Q

how is transmissible gastroenteritis transmitted

41
Q

what age of pigs does transmissible gastroenteritis typically infect

A

Piglets under 3 weeks, high mortality rate

42
Q

what is pathogenesis of transmissible gastroenteritis

A
  1. Replication in enterocytes in SI
  2. Villus atrophy
  3. Disrupts nutrient/water absorption
43
Q

what are some signs of transmissible gastroenteritis

A

vomiting, diarrhea in piglets, dehydration, weight loss, death

44
Q

piglet died from extreme vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration. What likely cause

A

transmissible gastroenteritis

45
Q

how do you dx transmissible gastroenteritis

A
  1. Sudden onset and spread of diarrhea supportive
  2. RT-PCR- detect virus antigen in feces
  3. Serology and IHC
46
Q

how do you tx and control transmissible gastroenteritis

A
  1. Fluid therapy
    2, disinfect
  2. Deliberate exposure of pregnant sows during acute outbreak (transfer maternal Ab’s)
  3. Vaccines
47
Q

porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from less __

48
Q

where does replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus occur

A

epithelial cells of SI/colon, shortening villi

49
Q

what is main sign of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

A

water diarrhea

50
Q

Porcine respiratory coronavirus is non-pathogenic variant of TGEV due to __ of TGEV

A

deletion mutant

51
Q

how is porcine respiratory coronavirus spread

A

aerosol and direct contact

52
Q

t or f: porcine respiratory coronavirus Subclinical

53
Q

__ and __ has been show effective in elimination of porcine respiratory coronavirus

A

early weaning and segregation

54
Q

what pig virus aggulinates RBC’s

A

porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis

55
Q

how is porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis spread

A

shed in nasal secretions and transmitted by aerosols

56
Q

what age group of pigs develop signs of porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis

A

newborn and young piglets <4weeks

57
Q

what is pathogenesis of porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis

A
  1. Local replication in respiratory and GIT
  2. Spreads via PNA to medulla oblongata and other portions of CNS
    3, viral damage to agal sensory ganglion and intramural plexus of stomach
  3. Leads to vomiting and delayed gastric emptying
58
Q

what are some signs of clinical disease in young piglets with porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis

A

vomiting, wasting, dehydration. Acute encephalomyelitis (incoordination, convulsions)

59
Q

how do you dx porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis

A
  1. Virus isolation from brain stem
  2. RT-PCR
  3. Serology- virus neutralization or HI tests
60
Q

what is tx and control for porcine hemagluttinating encephalomyelitis

A

euthanasia of infected pigs
Measures to prevent introduction
Exposure gilts before breeding

61
Q

canine coronaviruses causes what

A

mild gastroenteritis, diarrhea

62
Q

equine coronavirus causes what

A

gastroenteritis

63
Q

bovine coronavirus causes what

A

profuse or bloody diarrhea in calves, mild respiratory infections

64
Q

What does infectious bronchitis cause (avian coronavirus)

A

infectious bronchitis, decreased egg production, nephritis

65
Q

What does turkey coronavirus cause

A

gastroenteritis

Microbiology 2 (24 decks)

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