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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 16: Bunyaviruses and Picornaviruses > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Bunyaviruses and Picornaviruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is structure of bunyaviruses

A

Segmented, enveloped, - sense ssRNA

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2
Q

do bunyaviruses L-segment use DNA-dependent DNA polymerases or RNA dependent RNA polymerases

A

RNA dependent RNA Polymerases

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3
Q

how do bunyaviruses attach to host cells

A

via envelope glycoproteins

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4
Q

what viruses are included in genus orthobunyaviruses

A
  1. Akabane virus
  2. Schmallenberg virus
  3. Cache valley virus
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5
Q

orthobuynaviruses infect who

A

ruminants

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6
Q

how are orthobunyaviruses transmitted

A

biting arthropods- vector borne

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7
Q

what is pathogenesis of orthobunyaviruses In pregnant vs non-pregnant animals

A

Pregnant: virus has predilection for infecting fetal cells of CNS and skeletal muscle—> virus mediated destruction of tissue—> abortion and/or congenital abnormalities

Non-pregnant: asymptomatic or mild infections with subsequent immunity

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8
Q

t or f: akabane virus is FAD

A

true

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9
Q

who does akabane virus affect

A

cattle sheep, goats

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10
Q

what is vector for akabane virus

A

culicoides midges

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11
Q

what are some signs of akabane virus

A

porencephaly, hydrancephaly, arthrogryposis, mummified fetuses, aborted or premature fetuses, encephalitis

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12
Q

Sheep outside U.S. with the following signs- what likely cause

A

Akabane virus

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13
Q

t or f: schmallenberg virus is FAD

A

true

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14
Q

who does schmallenberg virus affect

A

cattle, sheep, goats

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15
Q

what are vectors for schmallenberg virus

A

culicoides midges and mosquitoes

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16
Q

what are some signs of schmallenberg in adult cattle

A

mild to moderate disease- reduced milk production, fever, anorexia, malaise, diarrhea

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17
Q

what are some signs of schmallenberg disease in adult sheep and goats

A

little to no signs, likely missed

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18
Q

what are some signs of schmallenberg in pregnant animals

A

stillbirths, abortions, congenital defects, in newborns- flaccid paralysis, ataxia, blindness

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19
Q

newborn lamb died shortly after birth- presented with flaccid paralysis, ataxia and blindness. What wrong and likely cause

A

porencephaly
Cause: schmallenberg virus

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20
Q

t or f: cache valley virus is FAD

A

false

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21
Q

what is mode of transmission for cache valley virus

A

mosquitoes

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22
Q

where is cache valley virus found

A

North America

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23
Q

What is one of the leading causes of reproductive loss and arthrogryposis in ruminants, primarily sheep

A

cache valley virus

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24
Q

t or f: cache valley virus is zoonotic

A

true

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25
How is rift valley fever transmitted
mosquitoes
26
who does rift valley disease affect
sheep, cattle, gaots
27
t or f: rift valley fever is not zoonotic
false
28
Where is rift valley fever endemic
eastern and Southern Africa (FAD)
29
what is mode of transmission for rift valley fever
mosquitoes- aedes and culex
30
What is enzootic cycle for rift valley fever
wildlife are potential maintenance hosts
31
what is epizootic epidemic cycle for rift valley fever
livestock amplification hosts and secondary bridge vectors involved
32
outbreaks of rift valley fever are correlated with __
heavy rainfall and localized flooding
33
what is pathogenesis of rift valley fever
1. Localized replication at site of entry 2. Viremia spreads virus to liver and other organs leading to widespread cellular necrosis 3. In pregnant animals the virus crosses the placenta and leads to extensive cytolysis and fetal death
34
Liver of aborted lamb, what is likely cause
right valley fever
35
what are signs of rift valley fever in mature animals
Splenomegaly, enlarged LN’s, liver necrosis non-specific signs: fever, lethargy, jaundice, diarrhea, blood-tinged mucopurulent nasal d/c
36
What are some signs of rift valley fever in pregnant animals
abortion and high mortality rate in newborns
37
where is Nairobi sheep disease found
central and Eastern Africa (FAD)
38
how is Nairobi sheep disease spread
tick borne- brown ear tick
39
who does Nairobi sheep disease affect
sheep and goats
40
t or f: nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic
true
41
what is a potential reservoir host for Nairobi sheep disease
African field rat
42
what is pathogenesis of Nairobi sheep disease
1. Virus spread through bloodstream infecting and replicating in vascular endothelial cells in several organs 2. Acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis 3. Pregnant animals abort
43
what is clinical signs of Nairobi sheep disease
hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, fetid dysentery, fever, abortion in pregnant animals, dehydration
44
how do you dx bunyaviruses
1. RT-PCR to detect viral RNA 2. ELISA, IFA, or VN to detect anti-viral antibodies
45
vaccines are available for what bunyaviruses
akabane virus, schmallenberg virus, rift valley fever virus
46
what is structure of picornaviruses
small naked, + sense ssRNA
47
t or f: picornaviruses are very stable due to naked structure
true
48
FMD is a __disease primarily of __animals
vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals
49
FMD is FAD endemic where
africa and Asia
50
how is FMD spread
shed in secretions and excretions of infected animals
51
FMD is one of the most __animal diseases with important economic losses
contagious
52
What is mortality rate of FMD in adult vs young animals
adults: low mortality Young: high due to myocarditis
53
what is pathogenesis of FMD
1. Primary replication site in oropharynx 2. Spreads via lymph 3. Replicates in various epithelial tissues
54
who serves as carriers for FMD
infected ruminants and some vaccinated that carry virus in pharynx for months to years
55
what are some clinical signs of FMD in cattle
vesicular lesions: mouth, feet, tongue, teats, udders Fever Hypersalivation Decreased milk production Lameness Abortion
56
how does FMD cause abortion
pyrexial response, does not cross placenta
57
what are some signs of FMD in pigs
foot lesions severe, snout and tongue lesions, lameness
58
what are some signs of FMD in sheep, goats, and wild ruminants
oral and foot lesions
59
t or f: FMD is zoonotic
true
60
T or f: swine vesicular disease is FAD
true
61
how is swine vesicular disease transmitted
direct or indirect transmission
62
t or f: swine vesicular disease is not zoonotic
false
63
what is pathogenesis of swine vesicular disease
1. Entry through damaged skin or ingestion 2. Replicates locally and spreads via lymphatics to blood 3. Infection of multiple tissues
64
t or f: virus shedding occurs before onset of clinical disease in swine vesicular disease
true
65
what are some signs of swine vesicular disease
fever, vesicular lesions that heal quickly, lameness
66
Senecavirus A is a vesicular disease of __
pigs
67
what are some signs of Senecavirus A in pigs
vesicular lesions on snout, oral mucosa, coronary bands, fever, lameness, diarrhea in piglets
68
what are two stereotypes of porcine teschoviruses
1. Teschovirus encephalomyelitis 2. SMEDI syndrome
69
Porcine teschovirus is ubiquitous in swine population through world. Transmission through __
fecal-oral
70
Porcine teschoviruses: teschoviruses encephalomyelitis stereotype is associated with virulent stains of __
PTV-1
71
how is PTV: teschovirus encephalomyelitis transmitted
direct or indirect contact with infected pigs, primary mode is feco-oral
72
what is pathogenesis of PTV: teschovirus encephalomyelitis
1. Ingested virus replicates in intestinal tract and associated lymph tissue 2. Virus sheds into feces 3. Viremia occurs and results in spread to CNS
73
what are some signs of severe cases of teschovirus encephalomyelitis
ataxia (first sign), fever, anorexia, seizures, nystagmus, ascending paralysis
74
what are some signs of mild disease of teschovirus encephalomyelitis
ataxia, paresis
75
what does Teschovirus SMEDI syndrome cause
stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility
76
Teschovirus SMEDI syndrome is pathogenic only to __and __
embryos ante fetuses
77
how is teschoviruses SMEDI syndrome transmitted
fecal-oral route followed by infection of intestinal tract then transplacental spread
78
how do you dx picornaviruses
ELISAs or VN assays, RT-PCR
79
how do you control picornaviruses
disinfecting, movement restrictions, slaughter affected with FMD, vaccinate for FMD, exposure gilts to older sows or mummified fetuses before breeding to prevent SMEDI

Microbiology 2 (27 decks)

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