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Microbiology 2 > Lecture 4: Yeasts > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Yeasts Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microsporum spp. or trichophyton spp.

A

microsporum

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2
Q

microsporum are __shaped macroconidium. __walled and rough

A

spindle shaped, thick

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3
Q

Trichophyton spp or microsporum spp

A

trichophyton spp

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4
Q

trichophyton spp are __shaped macroconidium and __walled

A

cigar shaped, thin walled

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5
Q

Image of T. Verrucosum, shows chain __-

A

chlamydospores

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6
Q

what are some clinical signs of dermatophytes

A

focal/multifocal alopecia with scaling, inflammatory “ring”

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7
Q

what is a clinical sign of dermatophytes in Persian cats

A

pseudomycetomas- firm ulcerative nodules in deep dermis

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8
Q

What wrong

A

dermatophyte infection

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9
Q

Persian cat with dermatophyte infection- what is this lesion

A

pseudomycetoma

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10
Q

how are dermatophytes transmitted

A

direct contact, environmental contamination

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11
Q

dermatophyte infections have a ___mediated response and result in transient ___

A

cell mediated response, transient immunity

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12
Q

dermatophyte infections are __infections if immune system is operational

A

self limiting infections

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13
Q

what can be easily used in clinics to dx dermatophytes

A

woods lamp

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14
Q

woods lamp has __% sensitivity and __% specificity

A

<50%, 90%

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15
Q

what culture can you use to dx dermatophytes and how does it work

A

DTM: sabaroud dextrose with cycloheximide and phenol red

Add plucked hairs, skin scraping or biopsy

Dermatophytes produce alkaline metabolites when they grow and react with phenol red to produce red coloration on culture plate

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16
Q

T or F: DTM culture is not 100% specific for dermatophytes

A

true

17
Q

what is the tx for dermatophytes

A

topical miconazole/ enilconazole

18
Q

t or F: systemic antifungals are risky for tx of dermatophytes

A

true

19
Q

what is environmental life cycle of cryptococcus gatti

A

birds and their habits, in bird droppings, soil, mulch, foliage

20
Q

what are some clinical signs cats show with C, gatti

A

nasal swelling

21
Q

what is a clinical sign shown by dogs with C. Gatti

A

CNS

22
Q

what is a clinical sign shown by horses with C. Gatti

A

respiratory

23
Q

how do you dx C. Gatti

A

cytology/histology

24
Q

what is tx for C. Gatti

A

longterm antifungals: azoles, amphotericin B

25
Q

what is prognosis for C. Gatti infection if patient has neurological signs

A

poor

26
Q

how could you quickly dx case of C. Gatti in your practice

A

microscopic examination of exudate with diff-quick or India ink staining

27
Q

malasseizia pachydermatitis causes what in dogs

A

canine seborrheic dermatitis and otitis externa

28
Q

what are some virulence factors of malasseiza pachydermaitis

A
  1. Lipases- trigger seborrhea
  2. Zymogens: activate complement
  3. Biofilm formation- protect from antifungals
29
Q

how do you dx malassezia pachydermatitis

A

impression smears, cytology (~40x)

30
Q

what is tx for malasseiza pachydermatitis

A
  1. Focus on underlying cause
  2. Topical chlorhexadine, diluted vinegar
  3. Systemic- azoles
31
Q

Candida albicans causes what type of diseases

A

GI and mucosal diseases

32
Q

what does Candida albicans cause in dogs/cats

A

mycotic stomatitis, enteritis

33
Q

what does Candida albicans cause in livestock

A

enteritis, rumenitis

34
Q

what does Candida albicans cause in poultry

A

thrush, cloacal infections

35
Q

what virulence factors are associated with Candida albicans

A
  1. Surface integrin like molecules- adhesion
  2. Fibrinogen and complement binding factors
36
Q

how do you dx Candida albicans

A

culture-Sab. Dextrose

37
Q

what is tx for Candida albicans

A
  1. Focus on underlying cause
  2. Systemic azoles
38
Q

what are some predisposing conditions for canine otitis externa

A

aural microclimate, diet, metabolic/endocrine, breed, immune disorder

39
Q

what are some common organisms isolated from canine otitis externa

A

malasseiza, pseudomonas, otodectes, staph

Microbiology 2 (7 decks)

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