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Microbiology 2 > Exam 1: labs 1-3 > Flashcards

Exam 1: labs 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take fungal organisms to grow on culture

A

2-4wks

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2
Q

what is the first culture medium used to ID fungi

A

sabouraud dextrose

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3
Q

most fungi will grow at __temperature in the __, with moderate levels of __

A

room temperature, in the dark, with moderate levels of humidity

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4
Q

Yeast or mold: single celled fungi with a spherical or oval shape

A

yeasts

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5
Q

what is the most common means of reproduction for yeasts

A

budding

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6
Q

cryptococcus or blastomyces: encapsulated, narrow based budding yeast

A

cryptococcus

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7
Q

cryptococcus or blastomyces: dimorphic fungus, broad based budding in yeast form

A

blastomyces

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8
Q

what is the primary virulence factor for yeast

A

capsule- evade alveolar macrophage phagocytosis

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9
Q

mold or yeast: fungi growing in strings of long, multicellular filaments

A

mold

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10
Q

a single filament of mold is known as a __

A

hypha

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11
Q

mat of hyphae is known as __

A

mycelium

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12
Q

hyphae can be categorized as __ if individual cells in hyphae are separated by walls or __ if hypha is continuous

A

septate, non-septate

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13
Q

what type of asexual reproduction has spores contained within a sac-like container

A

sporangiospores

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14
Q

what type of asexual reproduction has spores not enclosed within spore-bearing sac

A

conidida

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15
Q

some fungi are dimorphic which means what

A

can grow as yeast or mold depending on environmental conditions. Yeasts at 37 degrees C, and mold at 25

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16
Q

What dye is used for tape preps

A

lactophenol cotton blue

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17
Q

describe how high performance liquid chromatography works to identify mycotoxins

A

samples placed in a matrix and can determine which mycotoxin it is based on its time to move through matrix

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18
Q

aflatoxin is produced by ___ and can cause severe __

A

aspergillus Flavus, liver disease

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19
Q

ochratoxin produced by ___ and ___ and are __ and ___

A

penicillium and aspergillus, nephrotoxic and carcinogenic

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20
Q

citrinin is produced by ___ and __ and are __-

A

penicillium and aspergillus
Nephrotoxic

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21
Q

fumonisins and zearalenone are produced by __ which causes __

A

fusarium
Causes CNS disturbances and hormonal imbalances

22
Q

penitrem a is produced by __ and ___ and cause ___

A

penicillium and aspergillus
Neurologic imbalances

23
Q

gliotoxin is produced by ___ and causes ___

A

aspergillus, immunosuppression

24
Q

what type of samples a are typically collected for mycology and virology

A

skin Or hair samples

25
Q

if you are submitting samples for virus isolation like swabs or fluid it is important to place it in an appropriate viral transport media. This liquid media helps prevent __, stabilizes ___ and limits ___

A

prevent bacterial growth, stabilizes pH, limits enzymatic degradation

26
Q

if you are submitting samples for PCR or rt-PCR it is best to place in appropriate viral transport media which prevents ___

A

enzymatic breakdown of viral DNA and more importantly RNA which is highly fragile

27
Q

it is best to send PCR or rt-PCR samples how

A

chilled or frozen, overnight

28
Q

if you are collecting samples during surgery or necropsy for fluorescent antibody testing it is best to ___these samples and get to lab within __

A

freeze or chill, 24hrs

29
Q

what technique can be used at everyday clinics to identify suspected fungal infection

A

diff-quick stain

30
Q

what wet mount technique can quickly identify dermatophytes and how does it work

A

KOH- place sample and a few drops of 10% KOH on slide which digests away keratin and makes fungal structures in hair, skin or toenails easier to see. Allow to sit for several minutes, then heat and cover with coverslip

31
Q

What species does wood lamp detect

A

microsporum spp and malasseiza

32
Q

how does woods lamp work

A

will fluoresce green as a result of porphyrins produced by agents

33
Q

describe a dermatophyte test medium

A

culture plate with two sides
1. One side with SDA- permit fungal agents to grow
2. SDA with cyclohexamide to restrict growth of environmental fungi, restrict bacterial growth and a phenol red pH indicator

Dermatophytes produce alkaline byproduct and will turn agar from yellow to bright red

34
Q

t or f: not all growth that runs the DTM plate red is a dermatophyte

A

true

35
Q

t or f: all whitish colonies on DTM plates are dermatophytes

A

false

36
Q

t or f: not all dermatophytes turn the DTM plate red

A

true

37
Q

what color will Candida albicans turn on chromagar plate

A

green

38
Q

what color will candida tropicalis turn on chromagar plate

A

steel blue

39
Q

what color will candida krusei turn on chromagar plate

A

rose, fuzzy

40
Q

what color will malasseizia pachydermatis turn on chromagar

A

pink/purple

41
Q

what is one of the only species to produce a germ tube

A

Candida albicans

42
Q

what is purpose of germ tube

A

Virulence factor- allows organism to invade mucous membranes

43
Q

what two stains are used to highlight fungal organisms in tissue sections

A
  1. Gomori methenamine silver (GMS)
  2. Periodic acid shiff (PAS)
44
Q

how does GMS stain work

A
  1. Apply chromic acid which oxidizes fungal cell wall polysaccharides to produce aldehydes
  2. Aldehydes reduce methenamine silver nitrate to metallic silver
  3. Fungal cell walls brown/black color
  4. Counterstain with fast green
45
Q

how does PAS stain work

A
  1. Use chromic acid to reduce cell wall polysaccharides to aldehydes
  2. Counterstain with fuschin to stain purple
46
Q

how do you do IHC

A
  1. Pretreat sample to expose antigens
  2. Incubate with primary antibody that is labeled with enzyme that produces a color change when treated with substrate
  3. Incubate with primary antigen
  4. Wash slides and treat with substrate- ACE for red, DAB for brown color
47
Q

Monoclonal antibodies are more ___whereas polyclonal antibodies are more ___

A

specific, sensitive

48
Q

the agar gel immunodiffusion assay is technique used to detect ___

A

antibodies against some agents in animal serum

49
Q

how does AGID work

A

place antigen of interest in center well and then in surrounding wells place patient serum. If the antibodies present in patient serum match antigen in well then a white line/precipitate will form between them

50
Q

Are AGID and immunohistological stains qualitative or quantitative

A

Qualitative

51
Q

AEC primary antibody stain turns antigens what color

A

red

52
Q

DAB primary antibody stain turns antigens what color

A

brown

Microbiology 2 (7 decks)

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